NR 507 PATHOPHYSIOLGY MIDTERM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
S1 - Accurate answers First heart sound, closure of mital and tricuspid valves in systole
S2 - Accurate answers Second heart sound, closure of aortic and pulmonica valves in diastole
Preload - Accurate answers Diastolic filling with venous blood
Contractility - Accurate answers Systolic ejection
Afterload - Accurate answers Resistance to systolic ejection
Equation for cardiac output - Accurate answers stroke volume x heart rate
Sustained tachycardia causes ___ - Accurate answers Decreased stroke volume
Ischemia, acidosis and cardiomyopathy cause___ - Accurate answers Decreased contractility
HTN, pulmonary disease and aortic valve damage cause ___ - Accurate answers Increased
afterload
What is the most immediate effect on afterload? - Accurate answers HTN
Hemorrhage and decreased volume decreases ___and ___ - Accurate answers Preload and
afterload
Increased preload increases ___ - Accurate answers Stroke volume
Right sided HF is also called ___ - Accurate answers Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale causes ___ and is caused by ___ - Accurate answers Enlargement of RV, pulmonary
HTN from chronic lung disease
5 causes of lung disease leading to cor pulmonale? - Accurate answers COPD, PE, pulmonary
fibrosis, OSA, myasthenia gravis, polio
4 causes of heart failure - Accurate answers CAD, HTN, cardiomyopathy, faulty valves
4 events that lead to HF - Accurate answers HTN, increased LV preload, increased LA preload,
pulmonary edema
Define ventilation - Accurate answers The ability to inhale and exhale air
, Define perfision - Accurate answers The ability of lungs and tissues to perform gas exchange
Intrinsic asthma - Accurate answers Internal trigger (anxiety)
Extrinsic asthma - Accurate answers External trigger, allergic response mediated by IgE
Asthma s/s - Accurate answers Wheezing, chest tightness, SOB
Asthma treatment - 3 classes/medications - Accurate answers Beta 2 agonists-albuterol,
anticholinergics for bronchodilation-ipratropium, oral steroids to reduce inflammation-prednisone
Chronic bronchitis s/s - Accurate answers Productive cough, dyspnea, wheezing, rhonchi, cyanosis
Where does damage occur in bronchitis? - Accurate answers Airway
What is the lamina propria? - Accurate answers Thin connective tissue, forms moist linings/mucous
membranes
Where are inflammatory cells activated in chronic bronchitis? - Accurate answers Lamina propria
What plays a significant role in chronic brnonchitis development? - Accurate answers Lamina
propria
What is a long term effect of COPD? (Blood) - Accurate answers Secondary polycythemia
S/S in polycythemia secondary to COPD - Accurate answers Increased HCT by RBC compensation,
can lead to blood clot
What is a long term effect of COPD? (lungs) - Accurate answers Alveolar hyperinflation, decreased
ability to exhale, air trapping
Where is erythropoietin produced? - Accurate answers Kidneys
Where is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) produced? - Accurate answers Lungs
Where is angiotensinogen synthesized? - Accurate answers Liver
What is the role of ACE? - Accurate answers Activate angiotensin I to form angiotensin II
What is the most important component of filtration? - Accurate answers Blood (hydrostatic)
pressure
Define reabsorption - Accurate answers Movement of content from glomerular filtrate to blood
Define excretion - Accurate answers Elimination from the body
Define secretion - Accurate answers Movement of contents from blood to the nephron
QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
S1 - Accurate answers First heart sound, closure of mital and tricuspid valves in systole
S2 - Accurate answers Second heart sound, closure of aortic and pulmonica valves in diastole
Preload - Accurate answers Diastolic filling with venous blood
Contractility - Accurate answers Systolic ejection
Afterload - Accurate answers Resistance to systolic ejection
Equation for cardiac output - Accurate answers stroke volume x heart rate
Sustained tachycardia causes ___ - Accurate answers Decreased stroke volume
Ischemia, acidosis and cardiomyopathy cause___ - Accurate answers Decreased contractility
HTN, pulmonary disease and aortic valve damage cause ___ - Accurate answers Increased
afterload
What is the most immediate effect on afterload? - Accurate answers HTN
Hemorrhage and decreased volume decreases ___and ___ - Accurate answers Preload and
afterload
Increased preload increases ___ - Accurate answers Stroke volume
Right sided HF is also called ___ - Accurate answers Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale causes ___ and is caused by ___ - Accurate answers Enlargement of RV, pulmonary
HTN from chronic lung disease
5 causes of lung disease leading to cor pulmonale? - Accurate answers COPD, PE, pulmonary
fibrosis, OSA, myasthenia gravis, polio
4 causes of heart failure - Accurate answers CAD, HTN, cardiomyopathy, faulty valves
4 events that lead to HF - Accurate answers HTN, increased LV preload, increased LA preload,
pulmonary edema
Define ventilation - Accurate answers The ability to inhale and exhale air
, Define perfision - Accurate answers The ability of lungs and tissues to perform gas exchange
Intrinsic asthma - Accurate answers Internal trigger (anxiety)
Extrinsic asthma - Accurate answers External trigger, allergic response mediated by IgE
Asthma s/s - Accurate answers Wheezing, chest tightness, SOB
Asthma treatment - 3 classes/medications - Accurate answers Beta 2 agonists-albuterol,
anticholinergics for bronchodilation-ipratropium, oral steroids to reduce inflammation-prednisone
Chronic bronchitis s/s - Accurate answers Productive cough, dyspnea, wheezing, rhonchi, cyanosis
Where does damage occur in bronchitis? - Accurate answers Airway
What is the lamina propria? - Accurate answers Thin connective tissue, forms moist linings/mucous
membranes
Where are inflammatory cells activated in chronic bronchitis? - Accurate answers Lamina propria
What plays a significant role in chronic brnonchitis development? - Accurate answers Lamina
propria
What is a long term effect of COPD? (Blood) - Accurate answers Secondary polycythemia
S/S in polycythemia secondary to COPD - Accurate answers Increased HCT by RBC compensation,
can lead to blood clot
What is a long term effect of COPD? (lungs) - Accurate answers Alveolar hyperinflation, decreased
ability to exhale, air trapping
Where is erythropoietin produced? - Accurate answers Kidneys
Where is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) produced? - Accurate answers Lungs
Where is angiotensinogen synthesized? - Accurate answers Liver
What is the role of ACE? - Accurate answers Activate angiotensin I to form angiotensin II
What is the most important component of filtration? - Accurate answers Blood (hydrostatic)
pressure
Define reabsorption - Accurate answers Movement of content from glomerular filtrate to blood
Define excretion - Accurate answers Elimination from the body
Define secretion - Accurate answers Movement of contents from blood to the nephron
