NR 507: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Asthma - Accurate answers Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - Accurate answers coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - Accurate answers -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity
and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - Accurate answers smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - Accurate answers innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - Accurate answers the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - Accurate answers embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - Accurate answers white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - Accurate answers the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - Accurate answers columnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - Accurate answers smooth muscle cells
, what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - Accurate answers control the airways ability
to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - Accurate answers When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - Accurate answers the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - Accurate answers -expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - Accurate answers tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - Accurate answers These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - Accurate answers the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis - Accurate answers inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - Accurate answers bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - Accurate answers The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - Accurate answers cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - Accurate answers there is hypoxia due to
unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - Accurate answers when blood passes from the right ventricle through the
lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - Accurate answers -long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
MIDTERM QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Asthma - Accurate answers Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - Accurate answers coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - Accurate answers -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity
and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - Accurate answers smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - Accurate answers innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - Accurate answers the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - Accurate answers embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - Accurate answers white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - Accurate answers the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - Accurate answers columnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - Accurate answers smooth muscle cells
, what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - Accurate answers control the airways ability
to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - Accurate answers When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - Accurate answers the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - Accurate answers -expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - Accurate answers tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - Accurate answers These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - Accurate answers the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis - Accurate answers inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - Accurate answers bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - Accurate answers The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - Accurate answers cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - Accurate answers there is hypoxia due to
unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - Accurate answers when blood passes from the right ventricle through the
lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - Accurate answers -long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
