Critical Care/Flight Paramedic Exam
Questions and Answers
babinski reflex - Answer- extension and spreading of toes when bottom of foot is
stroked. sign of nervous system lesion
battles sign - Answer- bruise behind ear, basilar skull fracture
becks triad - Answer- jvd, muffled heart tones, hypotension. from cardiac tamponade
brudzinski sign - Answer- flexion of the neck results in flexion of the hip. meningitis
coopernails sign - Answer- ecchymosis on perineum, labia, scrotum. sign of pelvis
fracture
cullens sign - Answer- bruising around umbilicus. Sign of pancreatitis or ectopic
pregnancy
grey turners sign - Answer- discoloration of skin around flank. sign of pancreatitis
hammans sign - Answer- crunching sound of heart with asynchronous heart beat.
sign of mediastinal emphysema/tracheobronchial disruption
kehrs sign - Answer- left shoulder pain associated with splenic rupture
kernigs sign - Answer- pain to knee extension when hip is at 90 degrees. sign of
meningitis
levines sign - Answer- pain with clutched fist over midline of chest. sign of cardiac
chest pain
mcburneys sign - Answer- tenderness 2/3 the distance between umbilicus and ileum.
sign of appendicitis
muphys sign - Answer- pt unable to take deep breath on inspiration with deep
palpation beneath right coastal margins. sign of gall bladder issues
S2 "dub" heart tones - Answer- aortic and pulmonary valve closure
s1 "lub" sound - Answer- bicuspic/tricuspid valve closure
stroke volume is affected by - Answer- preload, afterload, contractility
s4 heart tone - Answer- indicative of stiff or noncompliant ventricle, like with an old
MI
s3 heart tone - Answer- ventricle stretch due to fluid overload
, right coronary artery is typically repaired by using - Answer- saphenous vein
dresslers sign - Answer- pericarditis from recent MI or cardiac surgery
alpha 1 stimulation results in - Answer- increased SVR/vasoconstriction
beta 1 stimulation results in - Answer- increased HR, contractility
janeway lesions and osler nodes are indicative of - Answer- endocarditis
elevated BNP signals - Answer- increased stretching of ventricles. found in CHF
where should a cardiac transducer be placed? - Answer- phlebostatic axis (4th
intercostal space midaxillary)
what does the dicrotic notch symbolize? - Answer- aortic valve closing
saline from ART line should infuse at what rate - Answer- 3ml/hr
normal central venous pressure (CVP) - Answer- 2-6
when utilizing a swan ganz catheter, never exceed ____mL of air in distal balloon -
Answer- 1.5
coronary perfusion pressure calculation - Answer- PAWP-DBP (should be 50-60)
PAWP range - Answer- 8-12
PVR range - Answer- 50-250
PA pressure - Answer- 15-25 systolic, 8-15 diastolic
SVR range - Answer- 800-1200
what does PVR signify - Answer- right heart afterload, pulmonary vascular resistance
what is PCWP - Answer- same as pAWP
left heart preload is also called - Answer- left ventricular end diastolic pressure
LVEDP
what is CI - Answer- same as CO
what happens to pressures during cardiogenic shock - Answer- decreased cardiac
output (CO/CI), increased everything else
what happens to pressures during hypovolemic shock - Answer- decreased SVR,
increased everything else
Questions and Answers
babinski reflex - Answer- extension and spreading of toes when bottom of foot is
stroked. sign of nervous system lesion
battles sign - Answer- bruise behind ear, basilar skull fracture
becks triad - Answer- jvd, muffled heart tones, hypotension. from cardiac tamponade
brudzinski sign - Answer- flexion of the neck results in flexion of the hip. meningitis
coopernails sign - Answer- ecchymosis on perineum, labia, scrotum. sign of pelvis
fracture
cullens sign - Answer- bruising around umbilicus. Sign of pancreatitis or ectopic
pregnancy
grey turners sign - Answer- discoloration of skin around flank. sign of pancreatitis
hammans sign - Answer- crunching sound of heart with asynchronous heart beat.
sign of mediastinal emphysema/tracheobronchial disruption
kehrs sign - Answer- left shoulder pain associated with splenic rupture
kernigs sign - Answer- pain to knee extension when hip is at 90 degrees. sign of
meningitis
levines sign - Answer- pain with clutched fist over midline of chest. sign of cardiac
chest pain
mcburneys sign - Answer- tenderness 2/3 the distance between umbilicus and ileum.
sign of appendicitis
muphys sign - Answer- pt unable to take deep breath on inspiration with deep
palpation beneath right coastal margins. sign of gall bladder issues
S2 "dub" heart tones - Answer- aortic and pulmonary valve closure
s1 "lub" sound - Answer- bicuspic/tricuspid valve closure
stroke volume is affected by - Answer- preload, afterload, contractility
s4 heart tone - Answer- indicative of stiff or noncompliant ventricle, like with an old
MI
s3 heart tone - Answer- ventricle stretch due to fluid overload
, right coronary artery is typically repaired by using - Answer- saphenous vein
dresslers sign - Answer- pericarditis from recent MI or cardiac surgery
alpha 1 stimulation results in - Answer- increased SVR/vasoconstriction
beta 1 stimulation results in - Answer- increased HR, contractility
janeway lesions and osler nodes are indicative of - Answer- endocarditis
elevated BNP signals - Answer- increased stretching of ventricles. found in CHF
where should a cardiac transducer be placed? - Answer- phlebostatic axis (4th
intercostal space midaxillary)
what does the dicrotic notch symbolize? - Answer- aortic valve closing
saline from ART line should infuse at what rate - Answer- 3ml/hr
normal central venous pressure (CVP) - Answer- 2-6
when utilizing a swan ganz catheter, never exceed ____mL of air in distal balloon -
Answer- 1.5
coronary perfusion pressure calculation - Answer- PAWP-DBP (should be 50-60)
PAWP range - Answer- 8-12
PVR range - Answer- 50-250
PA pressure - Answer- 15-25 systolic, 8-15 diastolic
SVR range - Answer- 800-1200
what does PVR signify - Answer- right heart afterload, pulmonary vascular resistance
what is PCWP - Answer- same as pAWP
left heart preload is also called - Answer- left ventricular end diastolic pressure
LVEDP
what is CI - Answer- same as CO
what happens to pressures during cardiogenic shock - Answer- decreased cardiac
output (CO/CI), increased everything else
what happens to pressures during hypovolemic shock - Answer- decreased SVR,
increased everything else
