PNB 2274 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
In the skull of a newborn baby, the space between the developing skull bones is known
as
a. Lacuna
b. Aversion canals
c. Fontanel
d. Intramembranous canal
e. Central canal - Answers :c. Fontanel
You recently identified a disorder in which the activity of osteoblasts exceeds the activity
of osteoclasts. How will the properties of the long bone be affected?
a. The bone would have a reduced inorganic content; as a result it would be weaker and
more elastic.
b. The bone would have an increased inorganic content; as a result it would be weaker
and more elastic
c. The bone would have a reduced inorganic content; as a result it would be tougher
and less ductile.
d. The bone would have an increased inorganic content; as a result it would be tougher
and less ductile
e. The bone would have a reduced inorganic content; as a result it would sustain
greater compressive forces - Answers :d. The bone would have an increased inorganic
content; as a result it would be tougher and less ductile
The method of mammary gland secretion is:
a. Apocrine
b. Mesocrine
c. Merocrine
d. Fullcrine
e. Holocrine - Answers :a. Apocrine
Mutation in connexin26 (Cx26) underlie a range of serious human pathologies. More
recently, it was also reported that Cx26 hemichannels linked to keratitis-ichthyosis-
deafness syndrome, are associated with disordered breathing in humans. Mutation in
connexin26 most likely will disturb:
a. Tight junctions
b. Adhering junctions
c. Gap junctions
d. Desmosomes - Answers :c. Gap junctions
Which of the following is TRUE?
a. Homeostatic mechanisms work through positive feedback
b. Homeostasis functions to ensure internal conditions fluctuate around a set-point
, c. Circadian thythms affect set points
d. Both A and B is true
e. Both B and C is true - Answers :e. Both B and C is true
How does PTH help increase the calcium ion concentration of the blood?
a. PTH decreases urine calcium output
b. PTH increases blood calcium levels by decreasing osteoclast activity
c. PTH increases blood calcium levels by increasing osteoblast activity
PTH increases calcium blood levels by increasing the rate of calcium uptake to
osteocytes - Answers :a. PTH decreases urine calcium output
When doing a handstand, the stomach is ____ to the lungs.
a. Inferior
b. Dorsal
c. Superior
d. Medial - Answers :a. Inferior
In a homeostatic system, an integrating center
a. Is the disturbance or a change that sets the pathway in motion
b. Evaluates incoming signals and compares it with the setpoint
c. Is the minimum stimulus that must be achieved to return to the
d. Is an electrical and/or chemical signal that travels to the effector - Answers :b.
Evaluates incoming signals and compares it with the setpoint
Which of the following statements is TRUE about carriers?
a. They primarily mediate paracellular transport
b. They facilitate active or passive transport
c. They are required for moving insoluble gases like oxygen across the membrane
d. They are much smaller than ion channels
e. None of the above statements is correct - Answers :b. They facilitate active or
passive transport
When calcium enters the cytoplasm, it can be removed by any of the following
mechanisms
a. Calcium extrusion by binding to calcium binding proteins such as neurocalcin
b. Calcium extrusion by binding to calcium binding proteins such as neurocalcin
c. Opening of calcium channels in the endoplasmatic reticulum
d. Calcium uptake to golgi cells
e. Calcium uptake to mitochondria - Answers :e. Calcium uptake to mitochondria
In the conversion of cartilage to bone, osteoblasts
a. Are freed to join the cellular componenets of bone marror
b. Are responsible for driving ossification
c. Undergo metaplasia to become osteoclasts
d. Undergo neoplasia to become osteoclasts - Answers :b. Are responsible for driving
ossification
ANSWERS
In the skull of a newborn baby, the space between the developing skull bones is known
as
a. Lacuna
b. Aversion canals
c. Fontanel
d. Intramembranous canal
e. Central canal - Answers :c. Fontanel
You recently identified a disorder in which the activity of osteoblasts exceeds the activity
of osteoclasts. How will the properties of the long bone be affected?
a. The bone would have a reduced inorganic content; as a result it would be weaker and
more elastic.
b. The bone would have an increased inorganic content; as a result it would be weaker
and more elastic
c. The bone would have a reduced inorganic content; as a result it would be tougher
and less ductile.
d. The bone would have an increased inorganic content; as a result it would be tougher
and less ductile
e. The bone would have a reduced inorganic content; as a result it would sustain
greater compressive forces - Answers :d. The bone would have an increased inorganic
content; as a result it would be tougher and less ductile
The method of mammary gland secretion is:
a. Apocrine
b. Mesocrine
c. Merocrine
d. Fullcrine
e. Holocrine - Answers :a. Apocrine
Mutation in connexin26 (Cx26) underlie a range of serious human pathologies. More
recently, it was also reported that Cx26 hemichannels linked to keratitis-ichthyosis-
deafness syndrome, are associated with disordered breathing in humans. Mutation in
connexin26 most likely will disturb:
a. Tight junctions
b. Adhering junctions
c. Gap junctions
d. Desmosomes - Answers :c. Gap junctions
Which of the following is TRUE?
a. Homeostatic mechanisms work through positive feedback
b. Homeostasis functions to ensure internal conditions fluctuate around a set-point
, c. Circadian thythms affect set points
d. Both A and B is true
e. Both B and C is true - Answers :e. Both B and C is true
How does PTH help increase the calcium ion concentration of the blood?
a. PTH decreases urine calcium output
b. PTH increases blood calcium levels by decreasing osteoclast activity
c. PTH increases blood calcium levels by increasing osteoblast activity
PTH increases calcium blood levels by increasing the rate of calcium uptake to
osteocytes - Answers :a. PTH decreases urine calcium output
When doing a handstand, the stomach is ____ to the lungs.
a. Inferior
b. Dorsal
c. Superior
d. Medial - Answers :a. Inferior
In a homeostatic system, an integrating center
a. Is the disturbance or a change that sets the pathway in motion
b. Evaluates incoming signals and compares it with the setpoint
c. Is the minimum stimulus that must be achieved to return to the
d. Is an electrical and/or chemical signal that travels to the effector - Answers :b.
Evaluates incoming signals and compares it with the setpoint
Which of the following statements is TRUE about carriers?
a. They primarily mediate paracellular transport
b. They facilitate active or passive transport
c. They are required for moving insoluble gases like oxygen across the membrane
d. They are much smaller than ion channels
e. None of the above statements is correct - Answers :b. They facilitate active or
passive transport
When calcium enters the cytoplasm, it can be removed by any of the following
mechanisms
a. Calcium extrusion by binding to calcium binding proteins such as neurocalcin
b. Calcium extrusion by binding to calcium binding proteins such as neurocalcin
c. Opening of calcium channels in the endoplasmatic reticulum
d. Calcium uptake to golgi cells
e. Calcium uptake to mitochondria - Answers :e. Calcium uptake to mitochondria
In the conversion of cartilage to bone, osteoblasts
a. Are freed to join the cellular componenets of bone marror
b. Are responsible for driving ossification
c. Undergo metaplasia to become osteoclasts
d. Undergo neoplasia to become osteoclasts - Answers :b. Are responsible for driving
ossification
