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The Endocrine System MCAT
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
Question: Exocrine glands
Answer: Release enzymes to the external environment through ducts
Question:
Endocrine glands
Answer: Release hormones directly into body fluids
Question:
Receptors
Answer: Hormones bind to these proteins and they are highly specific for one
type of hormone
Question:
Peptide hormones
Answer: Hormones derived from peptides that may be large or small and
often include carbohydrate portions. Manufactured in the rough ER. Water
soluble
Question:
Steroid hormones
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Answer: Hormones derived from and often chemically similar to cholesterol.
Formed in a series of steps taking place mainly in the smooth ER and
mitochondria. They are lipids and require a protein transport molecule in order
to dissolve into the blood stream
Question:
Tyrosine derivatives
Answer: Hormones formed by enzymes in the cytosol or on the rough ER
Question:
Effector
Answer: Target cell of the peptide hormone, the cell that the hormone is
meant to effect
Question:
Intracellular second messenger
Answer: When a peptide hormone binds to a receptor, the receptor may
activate another messenger
Question:
Peptide hormones: Anterior pituitary hormones (adenohypophysis)
Answer: GH, LH, FSH, Prolactin, TSH, ACTH
Question:
Peptide hormones: Posterior pituitary hormones (neurohypophysis)
Answer: Oxytocin, ADH/Vasopressin
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Question:
Peptide hormones: Parathyroid hormones
Answer: PTH
Question:
Peptide hormones: Pancreatic hormones
Answer: Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
Question:
Steroid hormones: glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids of the adrenal
cortex
Answer: Cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone
Question:
Steroid hormones: the gonadal hormones
Answer: estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
Question:
Tyrosine derivatives: Thyroid hormones
Answer: T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)
Question:
Tyrosine derivatives: catecholamine hormones of the adrenal medulla
Answer: Epinephrine and norepinephrine (are water soluble)
Question:
Anterior pituitary
The Endocrine System MCAT
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers
Question: Exocrine glands
Answer: Release enzymes to the external environment through ducts
Question:
Endocrine glands
Answer: Release hormones directly into body fluids
Question:
Receptors
Answer: Hormones bind to these proteins and they are highly specific for one
type of hormone
Question:
Peptide hormones
Answer: Hormones derived from peptides that may be large or small and
often include carbohydrate portions. Manufactured in the rough ER. Water
soluble
Question:
Steroid hormones
, Page | 2
Answer: Hormones derived from and often chemically similar to cholesterol.
Formed in a series of steps taking place mainly in the smooth ER and
mitochondria. They are lipids and require a protein transport molecule in order
to dissolve into the blood stream
Question:
Tyrosine derivatives
Answer: Hormones formed by enzymes in the cytosol or on the rough ER
Question:
Effector
Answer: Target cell of the peptide hormone, the cell that the hormone is
meant to effect
Question:
Intracellular second messenger
Answer: When a peptide hormone binds to a receptor, the receptor may
activate another messenger
Question:
Peptide hormones: Anterior pituitary hormones (adenohypophysis)
Answer: GH, LH, FSH, Prolactin, TSH, ACTH
Question:
Peptide hormones: Posterior pituitary hormones (neurohypophysis)
Answer: Oxytocin, ADH/Vasopressin
, Page | 3
Question:
Peptide hormones: Parathyroid hormones
Answer: PTH
Question:
Peptide hormones: Pancreatic hormones
Answer: Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon
Question:
Steroid hormones: glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids of the adrenal
cortex
Answer: Cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone
Question:
Steroid hormones: the gonadal hormones
Answer: estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
Question:
Tyrosine derivatives: Thyroid hormones
Answer: T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)
Question:
Tyrosine derivatives: catecholamine hormones of the adrenal medulla
Answer: Epinephrine and norepinephrine (are water soluble)
Question:
Anterior pituitary
