HESI Pharmacology Midterm Exam 2025

A pregnant client is prescribed heparin to prevent the risk of thromboembolism. Which adverse effects should the nurse anticipate with this medication? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-Osteoporosis. Compression fractures of the spine Which drug may cause tooth and bone anomalies as a teratogenic effect? - ANSWER Tetracycline An older client develops hypokalemia, and an intravenous infusion containing 40 mEq of potassium is instituted. The client tells the nurse that the IV stings a little. What is the nurse's best reply? - ANSWER-"You are receiving a large dose of potassium, and unfortunately it often causes a stinging sensation." A healthcare provider prescribes cefazolin sodium 375 mg intravenous piggyback (IVPB) every 8 hours. The vial of powder contains 500 mg of the medication. This must be reconstituted with 2 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. In the resulting solution 1 mL contains 225 mg of cefazolin. How many mL of cefazolin solution should the nurse administer? Record your answer using one decimal place. ____mL - ANSWER-1.7 A pregnant woman who is past her due date is hospitalized for a labor induction. Which drug should be administered to the client? - ANSWER-Dinoprostone An intravenous (IV) antibiotic is prescribed for a child with fever of unknown origin. Within 10 minutes of the antibiotic infusion, the child's face and neck are flushed but the remainder of the body is unchanged. The nurse checks the child's record. In light of this information, what will the nurse do? - ANSWER-Notify the primary healthcare provider after stopping the infusion. A client who has six living children has just given birth. After expulsion of the placenta, an infusion of lactated Ringer solution with 10 units of oxytocin is prescribed. What should the nurse explain to the client when she asks why this infusion is needed? - ANSWER-"The medication helps your uterus contract." The nurse administers an initial dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine to a 2-month-old infant. When should the nurse administer the final dose of the vaccine to the infant? - ANSWER-12-15 months of age During which period of pregnancy may drug exposure cause meromelia, cleft lip, and enamel hypoplasia? - ANSWER-Embryonic period Which type of vaccines triggers the recipient's immune system to produce antitoxins? - ANSWER-Toxoid vaccines HESI HESI What is the first line drug used to manage intrauterine fetal death? - ANSWER Dinoprostone During a prenatal visit a nurse explains to a client who is Rh negative when Rho(D) immune globulin will be administered to her. When is the best time to administer Rho(D) immune globulin? - ANSWER-Within 72 hours of birth if the infant is Rh positive The healthcare provider has prescribed 700 mL of intravenous fluid to be infused over 24 hours. At what rate should the nurse set the volume-control device? Express your answer as a whole number. ___ mL/hr - ANSWER-Divide the amount to be infused by 24 hours: 700 ÷ 24 = 29.1. The pump should be set at 29 mL/hr because a volume control pump delivers milliliters per hour. A nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child who has undergone craniotomy. The parents ask what effect mannitol has. The nurse responds that this medication is given to achieve what goal? - ANSWER-Relieve cerebral pressure Ferrous fumarate 30 mg is prescribed for an infant. The ferrous fumarate solution contains 45 mg/0.6 mL. How much solution will the nurse administer? Record your answer using one decimal place. Include a leading zero if applicable. _____ mL - ANSWER-Use ratio and proportion to solve the problem. 45 mg : 0.6 mL : : 30 mg : x mL45x = 18.0x = 0.4 mL The nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a child. Which conditions, if present, would allow for the safe administration of the vaccine? Select all that apply. - ANSWER Current antimicrobial therapy Mild to moderate local reactions Recent exposure to infectious diseases Which drug is available in an injectable form? - ANSWER-Pitocin The parent of a child with hemophilia asks the nurse, "If my son hurts himself, is it all right if I give him two baby aspirins?" What is the best response by the nurse? - ANSWER-"Aspirin may cause more bleeding. Give him acetaminophen instead." Which influenza vaccine is administered by way of the intranasal route? - ANSWER FluMist The nurse is teaching parents about the side effects of immunization vaccines. What expected side effect associated with the Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) vaccine will the nurse include in the teaching? - ANSWER-Low grade fever A client with lymphosarcoma is receiving allopurinol and methotrexate. The nurse can help the client prevent complications related to uric acid nephropathy by administering which drug in relation to fluid intake? - ANSWER-Allopurinol and e