SOCIOLOGY
SOCI 1510 EXAM 3 REVIEW 2025
Capitalism - -an economic system based on the laws of free market, privatization of the
means of production, and production for profit
Socialism - -an economic system based on the collective ownership of the means of
production, collective distribution of goods and service, and government regulation.
Communism - -a system of government that eliminates private property; it is the most
extreme form of socialism, because all citizens work for the government and there are
no class distinctions
Agricultural revolution - -the social and economic changes, including population
increases, that followed from the domestication of plants and animals and the gradually
increasing efficiency of food production
Industrial revolution - -the rapid transformation of social life resulting from the
technological and economic developments that began with the assembly line, steam
power, and urbanization
Alienation - -the sense of dissatisfaction the modern worker feels as a result of
producing goods that are owned and controlled by someone else
Information revolution - -the recent social revolution made possible by the development
of the microchip in the 1970s, which brought about vast improvements in the ability to
manage information
Knowledge work - -work that primarily deals with information; producing value in the
economy through ideals, judgements, analyses, designs, or innovations
Telecommuting - -working from home while staying connected to the office through
communications technology
Resistance strategies - -ways that workers express discontent with their jobs and try to
reclaim control of the conditions of their labor
Union - -an association of workers who bargain collectively for wages and benefits and
better working conditions
Globalization - -the cultural and economic changes resulting from dramatically
increased international trade and exchange in the late twentieth and early-first centuries
SOCIOLOGY
,SOCIOLOGY
Sweatshop - -a workplace where workers are subject to extreme exploitation, including
below-standard wages, long hours, and poor working conditions that may pose health or
safety hazards
Outsourcing - -"contracting out" or transferring to another country the labor that a
company might otherwise have employed its own staff to perform; typically done for
financial reasons
Contingent and alternative workforce - -those who work in positions that are temporary
or freelance or who work as independent contractors
independent (or third) sector - -the part the economy composed of nonprofit
organization; their workers are mission driven, rather than profit driven, and such
organizations direct surplus funds to the causes they support
Marriage - -a formally recognized bond between two spouses, establishing contractual
rights and obligations between them
Adoption - -the legal process of acquiring parental responsibilities for the child other
than one's biological offspring
Family - -a social group of whose members are bound by legal, biological, or emotional
ties, or combination of all three
extended family - -a large group relatives, usually including at least three generations
living either in one household or in close proximity
Kin - -relatives relations, usually those related by common descent
Nuclear family - -a heterosexual couple with one or more children living in a single
household
Homogamy - -the tendency to choose romantic partners who are similar to us terms of
class, race, education, religion ,and other social group membership
Endogamy - -marriage to someone within one's social group
Exogamy - -marriage to someone from a different social group
Propinquity - -the tendency to partner with people who live close by
antimiscenegation - -the prohibition of interracial marriage, cohabitation, or sexual
interaction
Monogamy - -the practice of marrying (or being in relationship with) one person at a
time
SOCIOLOGY
, SOCIOLOGY
Polygamy - -a system of marriage that allows people to have more than one spouse at a
time
Polygyny - -a system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives
Polyandry - -a systems of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands
Polyamory - -a system of multiple-person partnership
Fictive kin - -close relations with people we consider "like family" but who are not related
to us by blood or marriage
Cohabition - -living together as a romantic couple without being married
Custody - -the physical and legal responsibility for caring for children; assigned by court
for divorced or unmarried parents
Instrumental tasks - -the practical physical tasks necesary to maintain family life
Second shift - -the unpaid housework and child care often expected of women after they
complete their day's paid
Domestic abuse - -any physical, verbal, financial, sexual, or psychological behaviors
abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims
Cycle of violence - -a common behavior pattern in abusive relationships; the cycle
begins happily, then the relationship grows tense, and the tension explodes in abuse,
followed by a period of contrition that allows the cycle to repeat
Neglect - -a form of child abuse in which the caregiver fails to provide adequate
nutrition, sufficient clothing or shelter, or hygienic and safe living conditions
Leisure - -a period of time that can be spent relaxing, engaging recreation, or otherwise
indulging in freely chosen activities
recreation - -any satisfying, amusing, and stimulating activity that is experienced as
refreshing and renewing for body, mind, and spirit
Consumption - -the utilization of goods and services, either for personal use on
manufacturing
Commodification - -the process by which it becomes possible to buy and sell a
particular good or service
SOCIOLOGY
SOCI 1510 EXAM 3 REVIEW 2025
Capitalism - -an economic system based on the laws of free market, privatization of the
means of production, and production for profit
Socialism - -an economic system based on the collective ownership of the means of
production, collective distribution of goods and service, and government regulation.
Communism - -a system of government that eliminates private property; it is the most
extreme form of socialism, because all citizens work for the government and there are
no class distinctions
Agricultural revolution - -the social and economic changes, including population
increases, that followed from the domestication of plants and animals and the gradually
increasing efficiency of food production
Industrial revolution - -the rapid transformation of social life resulting from the
technological and economic developments that began with the assembly line, steam
power, and urbanization
Alienation - -the sense of dissatisfaction the modern worker feels as a result of
producing goods that are owned and controlled by someone else
Information revolution - -the recent social revolution made possible by the development
of the microchip in the 1970s, which brought about vast improvements in the ability to
manage information
Knowledge work - -work that primarily deals with information; producing value in the
economy through ideals, judgements, analyses, designs, or innovations
Telecommuting - -working from home while staying connected to the office through
communications technology
Resistance strategies - -ways that workers express discontent with their jobs and try to
reclaim control of the conditions of their labor
Union - -an association of workers who bargain collectively for wages and benefits and
better working conditions
Globalization - -the cultural and economic changes resulting from dramatically
increased international trade and exchange in the late twentieth and early-first centuries
SOCIOLOGY
,SOCIOLOGY
Sweatshop - -a workplace where workers are subject to extreme exploitation, including
below-standard wages, long hours, and poor working conditions that may pose health or
safety hazards
Outsourcing - -"contracting out" or transferring to another country the labor that a
company might otherwise have employed its own staff to perform; typically done for
financial reasons
Contingent and alternative workforce - -those who work in positions that are temporary
or freelance or who work as independent contractors
independent (or third) sector - -the part the economy composed of nonprofit
organization; their workers are mission driven, rather than profit driven, and such
organizations direct surplus funds to the causes they support
Marriage - -a formally recognized bond between two spouses, establishing contractual
rights and obligations between them
Adoption - -the legal process of acquiring parental responsibilities for the child other
than one's biological offspring
Family - -a social group of whose members are bound by legal, biological, or emotional
ties, or combination of all three
extended family - -a large group relatives, usually including at least three generations
living either in one household or in close proximity
Kin - -relatives relations, usually those related by common descent
Nuclear family - -a heterosexual couple with one or more children living in a single
household
Homogamy - -the tendency to choose romantic partners who are similar to us terms of
class, race, education, religion ,and other social group membership
Endogamy - -marriage to someone within one's social group
Exogamy - -marriage to someone from a different social group
Propinquity - -the tendency to partner with people who live close by
antimiscenegation - -the prohibition of interracial marriage, cohabitation, or sexual
interaction
Monogamy - -the practice of marrying (or being in relationship with) one person at a
time
SOCIOLOGY
, SOCIOLOGY
Polygamy - -a system of marriage that allows people to have more than one spouse at a
time
Polygyny - -a system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives
Polyandry - -a systems of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands
Polyamory - -a system of multiple-person partnership
Fictive kin - -close relations with people we consider "like family" but who are not related
to us by blood or marriage
Cohabition - -living together as a romantic couple without being married
Custody - -the physical and legal responsibility for caring for children; assigned by court
for divorced or unmarried parents
Instrumental tasks - -the practical physical tasks necesary to maintain family life
Second shift - -the unpaid housework and child care often expected of women after they
complete their day's paid
Domestic abuse - -any physical, verbal, financial, sexual, or psychological behaviors
abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims
Cycle of violence - -a common behavior pattern in abusive relationships; the cycle
begins happily, then the relationship grows tense, and the tension explodes in abuse,
followed by a period of contrition that allows the cycle to repeat
Neglect - -a form of child abuse in which the caregiver fails to provide adequate
nutrition, sufficient clothing or shelter, or hygienic and safe living conditions
Leisure - -a period of time that can be spent relaxing, engaging recreation, or otherwise
indulging in freely chosen activities
recreation - -any satisfying, amusing, and stimulating activity that is experienced as
refreshing and renewing for body, mind, and spirit
Consumption - -the utilization of goods and services, either for personal use on
manufacturing
Commodification - -the process by which it becomes possible to buy and sell a
particular good or service
SOCIOLOGY
