BIS 2B FINAL EXAM WITH ALL CORRECT & VERIFIED
ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
Intraspecific Correct answer-Interactions between members of the same species (Individual
Interactions).
Interspecific Correct answer-Interactions between individuals from two different species.
-Sources of selection (evolution)
-Determine distribution and abundance of species (ecology)
-Important in determining population regulation Correct answer-Why should we study interspecific
interactions?
Competition Correct answer-Each species has a negative effect on the other.
(-,-)
Amensalism Correct answer-One species injured but the interaction, the other is unaffected by the
other species. (-,0)
Predation/Parasitism/Herbivory Correct answer-One species benefits at the cost of another. (+,-)
Commensalism Correct answer-One species benefits and the other is unaffected. (+,0)
-Often refers to mobile associates.
Facilitation Correct answer-One species benefits and the other is unaffected. (+,0)
-Often refers to sessile associates
Mutualism Correct answer-Both species benefit. (+,+)
-Have both costs and benefits, and the outcome is only mutualistic when benefits outweigh costs for
both species.
Obligate Mutualism Correct answer-Mutually beneficial interaction between two species in which
each species REQUIRES the other to persist.
ex: Yucca plant and Yucca Moth
Facultative Mutualism Correct answer-Beneficial interaction between two species in which each
species benefits, but does not require the other to persist.
-More likely to be conditional.
Conditionality Correct answer-When outcomes of species interactions depend on the
environment.
Satiation Correct answer-Number of prey is so abundant that predators cannot possibly eat them
all.
-Underground networks to allow escape from larger predators
-Refuge at High Densities: Safety in Numbers; reduces efficiency of predators Correct answer-What
are the different types of refuges?
Competition Correct answer-When individuals use a shared resource that is in short supply (not
enough resource for all).
, -Results in decreased rates of growth, survival or reproduction that alter population growth rates.
Interspecific Competition Correct answer-Competition between members of different species.
Intraspecific Competition Correct answer-Competition between members of the same species.
Competitive Exclusion Principle Correct answer-Two species that use the same resources in the
same way cannot coexist. One will drive the other to extinction.
Competitors can coexist when resources are "partitioned". Correct answer-What is an exception to
the Competitive Exclusion Principle?
Exploitative Competition Correct answer-Resource depletion. What one individuals uses, another
cannot. Individuals need not encounter one another to compete.
Interference Competition Correct answer-Competitors confront each other, and harass, chase or
otherwise prohibit others from using resources.
The Fundamental Niche Correct answer-The range of resource types (ex: seeds of different sizes)
that are used by a species in the absence of interactions with other species
Degree of niche overlap. Correct answer-What determines coexistence?
Niche Overlap Correct answer-Corresponds to the shaded region of overlap between resource use
curves for two competing species.
Resource Partitioning Correct answer-Relatively little shared resources between species, making it
easier for the two to coexist.
Competitive Exclusion Correct answer-When there is large niche overlap, one species will out-
compete the other.
Fundamental Niche Correct answer-Defined by physical conditions (and resource conditions) under
which a species can persist.
Realized Niche Correct answer-Alteration of fundamental niche by species interactions.
-Species actually occurs over a narrower range of nutrients due to competition from other species.
Character Displacement Correct answer-The process of evolution toward niche divergence as a
result of interspecific competition.
-Arises from evolution stemming from selection to lessen resource competition between to species.
Species Packing Correct answer-Adding new species shrinks the niche width of all species. To
compensate species often become more specialized, and more efficient at using a narrower range of
resources.
Realized niche is greater than fundamental niche. Correct answer-What effects do positive
interactions have on realized niches?
Realized niche is smaller than fundamental niche. Correct answer-What effects do negative
interactions have on realized niches?
ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
Intraspecific Correct answer-Interactions between members of the same species (Individual
Interactions).
Interspecific Correct answer-Interactions between individuals from two different species.
-Sources of selection (evolution)
-Determine distribution and abundance of species (ecology)
-Important in determining population regulation Correct answer-Why should we study interspecific
interactions?
Competition Correct answer-Each species has a negative effect on the other.
(-,-)
Amensalism Correct answer-One species injured but the interaction, the other is unaffected by the
other species. (-,0)
Predation/Parasitism/Herbivory Correct answer-One species benefits at the cost of another. (+,-)
Commensalism Correct answer-One species benefits and the other is unaffected. (+,0)
-Often refers to mobile associates.
Facilitation Correct answer-One species benefits and the other is unaffected. (+,0)
-Often refers to sessile associates
Mutualism Correct answer-Both species benefit. (+,+)
-Have both costs and benefits, and the outcome is only mutualistic when benefits outweigh costs for
both species.
Obligate Mutualism Correct answer-Mutually beneficial interaction between two species in which
each species REQUIRES the other to persist.
ex: Yucca plant and Yucca Moth
Facultative Mutualism Correct answer-Beneficial interaction between two species in which each
species benefits, but does not require the other to persist.
-More likely to be conditional.
Conditionality Correct answer-When outcomes of species interactions depend on the
environment.
Satiation Correct answer-Number of prey is so abundant that predators cannot possibly eat them
all.
-Underground networks to allow escape from larger predators
-Refuge at High Densities: Safety in Numbers; reduces efficiency of predators Correct answer-What
are the different types of refuges?
Competition Correct answer-When individuals use a shared resource that is in short supply (not
enough resource for all).
, -Results in decreased rates of growth, survival or reproduction that alter population growth rates.
Interspecific Competition Correct answer-Competition between members of different species.
Intraspecific Competition Correct answer-Competition between members of the same species.
Competitive Exclusion Principle Correct answer-Two species that use the same resources in the
same way cannot coexist. One will drive the other to extinction.
Competitors can coexist when resources are "partitioned". Correct answer-What is an exception to
the Competitive Exclusion Principle?
Exploitative Competition Correct answer-Resource depletion. What one individuals uses, another
cannot. Individuals need not encounter one another to compete.
Interference Competition Correct answer-Competitors confront each other, and harass, chase or
otherwise prohibit others from using resources.
The Fundamental Niche Correct answer-The range of resource types (ex: seeds of different sizes)
that are used by a species in the absence of interactions with other species
Degree of niche overlap. Correct answer-What determines coexistence?
Niche Overlap Correct answer-Corresponds to the shaded region of overlap between resource use
curves for two competing species.
Resource Partitioning Correct answer-Relatively little shared resources between species, making it
easier for the two to coexist.
Competitive Exclusion Correct answer-When there is large niche overlap, one species will out-
compete the other.
Fundamental Niche Correct answer-Defined by physical conditions (and resource conditions) under
which a species can persist.
Realized Niche Correct answer-Alteration of fundamental niche by species interactions.
-Species actually occurs over a narrower range of nutrients due to competition from other species.
Character Displacement Correct answer-The process of evolution toward niche divergence as a
result of interspecific competition.
-Arises from evolution stemming from selection to lessen resource competition between to species.
Species Packing Correct answer-Adding new species shrinks the niche width of all species. To
compensate species often become more specialized, and more efficient at using a narrower range of
resources.
Realized niche is greater than fundamental niche. Correct answer-What effects do positive
interactions have on realized niches?
Realized niche is smaller than fundamental niche. Correct answer-What effects do negative
interactions have on realized niches?
