EHS Exam with correct answers

EHS Exam with correct answers |\ |\ |\ |\




Quanitative risk assessment (QRA) - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔Approach that allows the quantitative expression of risk in |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



terms of infection, illness, or mortality from microbial pathogens.
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Used by decision makers to determine the magnitude of such risks
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and weigh the costs and benefits of corrective action
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Risk management - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Consideration of
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social, political and economic issues. Values and ethics. Balance
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risks that discovered from risk assessment. Select best regulatory
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action based on results of risk assessment
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Risk communication - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Component of risk
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management. Interactive process of information and opinion |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



exchange among individuals, groups, and institutions. Includes the
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transfer of risk information from expert to non expert audiences
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Comparative risk assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔Comparison of potential risks associated with several problems |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



or issues. Example: risks from chemical exposure are small
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compared to those associated with driving a car |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




de minimis principle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔There are some
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levels of risk so small that they are not worth bothering about.
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Hard to define. Minimus = minimal = nothing basically
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,Tolerable risk - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Level of risks we can
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accept given the economic costs, and social and scientific
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constraints. Lifetime risk of one in a million is small enough to be
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acceptable for the general public |\ |\ |\ |\




Exposure pathway - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Course that a
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hazardous agent takes from a source to a receptor (ex: human or
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animal) via environmental carriers or media- generally air or
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water. Ex: ingestion of soil and dust
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Exposure route - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Intake pathway.
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Mechanism by which the transfer occurs- inhalation, ingestion,|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



and/or dermal contact. Way an individual comes in contact with a
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toxic substance
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Event trees - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Estimate exposure by
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analysis of pathogen loads upstream when the actual
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concentration of the harmful agent that reaches the target is too |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



low to measure
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Dose-response relationship - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Quantitative |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



relationship that indicates the agent's degree of toxicity to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



exposed species |\




% Response = % affected by substance, % who respond (have
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effects) from dose |\ |\




Dose - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Milligrams of substance or number
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of pathogen ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin
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, Amount of a substance delivered at one time
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Exposure dose - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Amount of xenobiotic
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encountered in the environment |\ |\ |\




Absorbed dose - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Actual amount of the
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exposed dose that enters the body
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Administered dose - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Quantity |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



administered usually orally or by injection |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Total dose - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The sum of all individual doses
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Response - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Effects. Can vary widely- from
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no observable effect, to temporary and reversible effects, etc.
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Minimum infectious dose - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Implies that a
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threshold dose exists for microorganisms. Refers to ID50 (dose at
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which 50% of the animals or humans exposed became infected or
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exhibit any symptoms of an illness
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Uncertainty - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In every step of the risk
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assessment process. Example: extrapolation from high to low
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doses


When people tell you wrong information in survey
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