EMD V14 CORE EXAMS SHEET QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025/2026
✔✔Name 2 out of 4 methods used to establish a "standard of care" - ✔✔-Judge
behavior in comparison to others with similar training and experience. -Judge behavior
in comparison to local customs (protocols and guidelines) -Judge behavior in
comparison to local or state statutes, laws, ordinances or administrative orders. -Judge
behavior in comparison to professional standards published by organizations involved in
emergency work
✔✔Describe the "emergency rule" - ✔✔it means that someone who is acting in an
emergency situation cannot be held to the same standard of conduct as someone not in
that situation
✔✔What is the "principle of reasonableness" - ✔✔what a "reasonable person" would do
in the same situation
✔✔List and describe the 2 types of damages that can be awarded. -
✔✔Compensatory= repaying plaintiffs for money lost or "pain and suffering"
Punitive=payments used to punish defendants
✔✔When can immunity be granted under the "Good Samaritan" laws - ✔✔-Persons
acting in good faith. -Person acting in emergency
✔✔List or identify 3 things an EMD cannot reveal - ✔✔-Patients name. -What was said
in a conversation. -unusual behaviors not directly attributable to the medical condition
(unless dangerous to responders) -patient lifestyle. -knowledge of patient HIV+ status
✔✔What is meant by "governmental immunity" - ✔✔immunity stemming from laws or
statues established locally or at the stat level. does not apply to EMDs in private
agencies or to cases of "gross negligence"
✔✔List or describe 5 attributes or behaviors that EMD's should be concerned about -
✔✔-Failure to send EMS resources when requested. -subjective judgment or caller
credibility. -Subjective judgment or caller chief complaint. -An agrumentive or combative
attitude. -allowing prejudices to affect objective decision making. -giving medical
instruction without using locally approved EMDPRS. -Failure to train as an EMD. -Not
giving instructions when needed or when a protocol exists for it
✔✔List, identify or describe 4 strategies used by individuals to avoid litigation. - ✔✔-
Avoid inappropriate EMD behaviors. -Active participation in QA/QI and continuing
education programs. -Seek/Obtain certification as an EMD. -Follow
policies/procedures/practices used by your agency and community. -Report problems or
problematic situations as soon as possible and in writing.
, ✔✔Name the situations where "Good Samaritan" laws protect you from liability - ✔✔-
Person acting in emergency. -Person acting in "good faith." -persons not guilty of gross
negligence or malicious misconduct toward a patient
✔✔_______ is defined as the "failure to act or perform" in a particular situation as any
other reasonable, prudent dispatcher (with similar experience/training) would in similar
situations - ✔✔Negligence
✔✔Money awarded in a lawsuit is known as _________? - ✔✔Damages
✔✔Name 3 of the 4 criteria that courts use in establishing negligence - ✔✔-Duty. -
Breach of duty. -Injury/Damages. -Proximate cause/causation
✔✔What is it meant by "breach of duty?" - ✔✔that you did not perform your duty as
established by acting according to the local "standard of care."
✔✔What are 2 types of negligence? - ✔✔-Simple. -Gross
✔✔What is "gross negligence" - ✔✔negligent actions undertaken with the intent to
cause harm ("malicious intent") and with disregard for the safety of persons and or
property
✔✔What is "abandonment" - ✔✔Leaving a patient known to be in a life-threatening
condition, including starting medical tx and then turning over tx to some1 with less
medical training than yourself (with the end result being worsening of the pts condition)
✔✔Describe what its meant by "foreseeability" - ✔✔you cant see what is happening at
the scene, so you must rely on the info given to you by the caller. If a situation exists
where the on-scene findings are different than those reported by callers then you are
not liable
✔✔Define "detrimental reliance" - ✔✔when an action or service does not happen that a
person claims was reasonable to rely on the agency to perform or provide, resulting in
injury or worsening of the pts condition --"Expectation"
✔✔Name 2 types of consent - ✔✔-Actual -implied
✔✔Define "Actual Consent" - ✔✔Direct verbal or non-verbal communication to
someone who is giving aid
✔✔Define "Implied Consent" - ✔✔in situation where someone is unconscious or unable
to respond, it is safe for us to assume that the person would want to be helped
2025/2026
✔✔Name 2 out of 4 methods used to establish a "standard of care" - ✔✔-Judge
behavior in comparison to others with similar training and experience. -Judge behavior
in comparison to local customs (protocols and guidelines) -Judge behavior in
comparison to local or state statutes, laws, ordinances or administrative orders. -Judge
behavior in comparison to professional standards published by organizations involved in
emergency work
✔✔Describe the "emergency rule" - ✔✔it means that someone who is acting in an
emergency situation cannot be held to the same standard of conduct as someone not in
that situation
✔✔What is the "principle of reasonableness" - ✔✔what a "reasonable person" would do
in the same situation
✔✔List and describe the 2 types of damages that can be awarded. -
✔✔Compensatory= repaying plaintiffs for money lost or "pain and suffering"
Punitive=payments used to punish defendants
✔✔When can immunity be granted under the "Good Samaritan" laws - ✔✔-Persons
acting in good faith. -Person acting in emergency
✔✔List or identify 3 things an EMD cannot reveal - ✔✔-Patients name. -What was said
in a conversation. -unusual behaviors not directly attributable to the medical condition
(unless dangerous to responders) -patient lifestyle. -knowledge of patient HIV+ status
✔✔What is meant by "governmental immunity" - ✔✔immunity stemming from laws or
statues established locally or at the stat level. does not apply to EMDs in private
agencies or to cases of "gross negligence"
✔✔List or describe 5 attributes or behaviors that EMD's should be concerned about -
✔✔-Failure to send EMS resources when requested. -subjective judgment or caller
credibility. -Subjective judgment or caller chief complaint. -An agrumentive or combative
attitude. -allowing prejudices to affect objective decision making. -giving medical
instruction without using locally approved EMDPRS. -Failure to train as an EMD. -Not
giving instructions when needed or when a protocol exists for it
✔✔List, identify or describe 4 strategies used by individuals to avoid litigation. - ✔✔-
Avoid inappropriate EMD behaviors. -Active participation in QA/QI and continuing
education programs. -Seek/Obtain certification as an EMD. -Follow
policies/procedures/practices used by your agency and community. -Report problems or
problematic situations as soon as possible and in writing.
, ✔✔Name the situations where "Good Samaritan" laws protect you from liability - ✔✔-
Person acting in emergency. -Person acting in "good faith." -persons not guilty of gross
negligence or malicious misconduct toward a patient
✔✔_______ is defined as the "failure to act or perform" in a particular situation as any
other reasonable, prudent dispatcher (with similar experience/training) would in similar
situations - ✔✔Negligence
✔✔Money awarded in a lawsuit is known as _________? - ✔✔Damages
✔✔Name 3 of the 4 criteria that courts use in establishing negligence - ✔✔-Duty. -
Breach of duty. -Injury/Damages. -Proximate cause/causation
✔✔What is it meant by "breach of duty?" - ✔✔that you did not perform your duty as
established by acting according to the local "standard of care."
✔✔What are 2 types of negligence? - ✔✔-Simple. -Gross
✔✔What is "gross negligence" - ✔✔negligent actions undertaken with the intent to
cause harm ("malicious intent") and with disregard for the safety of persons and or
property
✔✔What is "abandonment" - ✔✔Leaving a patient known to be in a life-threatening
condition, including starting medical tx and then turning over tx to some1 with less
medical training than yourself (with the end result being worsening of the pts condition)
✔✔Describe what its meant by "foreseeability" - ✔✔you cant see what is happening at
the scene, so you must rely on the info given to you by the caller. If a situation exists
where the on-scene findings are different than those reported by callers then you are
not liable
✔✔Define "detrimental reliance" - ✔✔when an action or service does not happen that a
person claims was reasonable to rely on the agency to perform or provide, resulting in
injury or worsening of the pts condition --"Expectation"
✔✔Name 2 types of consent - ✔✔-Actual -implied
✔✔Define "Actual Consent" - ✔✔Direct verbal or non-verbal communication to
someone who is giving aid
✔✔Define "Implied Consent" - ✔✔in situation where someone is unconscious or unable
to respond, it is safe for us to assume that the person would want to be helped
