EMD V14 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026
✔✔What is Protocol 9 related to? - ✔✔Cardiac or respiratory arrest / death
✔✔What are the signs of obvious death according to Protocol 9? - ✔✔Cold and stiff in
warm environment, decapitation, decomposition, incineration, non-recent death, severe
injuries obviously incompatible with life
✔✔What is considered expected death? - ✔✔Terminal illness or a DNR (Do Not
Resuscitate) Order
✔✔What is Protocol 10 related to? - ✔✔Chest Pain / Chest Discomfort (Non-Traumatic)
✔✔What are common symptoms of a heart attack? - ✔✔Aching pain, chest
pain/discomfort, constricting band, crushing discomfort, heaviness, numbness,
pressure, tightness
✔✔Where may heart attack symptoms present in the body? - ✔✔Arm(s), jaw, neck, or
upper back
✔✔Why might heart attack symptoms go unrecognized? - ✔✔Due to patient denial or
caller confusion
✔✔What is the protocol for choking? - ✔✔Protocol 11
✔✔What is complete obstruction in choking? - ✔✔Total obstruction of the upper airway
that prevents talking, breathing, and coughing.
✔✔What are the signs of partial obstruction in choking? - ✔✔Forceful coughs, wheezing
sounds between coughs, abnormal breathing, and difficulty speaking normally.
✔✔What is the protocol for seizures? - ✔✔Protocol 12
✔✔What is a generalized seizure? - ✔✔An abnormal firing of brain cells, usually
resulting in a period of unconsciousness and full-body jerking movements.
✔✔What are recurrent seizures? - ✔✔Seizures that occur more than once in a day,
where the patient regains consciousness between episodes.
✔✔What is a febrile seizure? - ✔✔A seizure that occurs in 3 to 5 percent of children
between 6 months and 5 years of age due to fever.
, ✔✔Are febrile seizures considered prehospital emergencies? - ✔✔No, but they must
always be evaluated by a physician.
✔✔What is the risk of death from a febrile seizure? - ✔✔The risk of death from a febrile
seizure itself is virtually zero.
✔✔DIABETIC PROBLEMS - ✔✔Protocol 13
An early sign of low blood sugar is abnormal behavior (a decreasing level of
consciousness), which may include agitation, aggressiveness, impaired judgment,
confusion, and/or combativeness.
✔✔DROWNING / NEAR DROWNING / DIVING / SCUBA ACCIDENT - ✔✔Protocol 14
DIVING :
To jump or plunge into water from a height.
SCUBA :
A commonly used acronym for Self - Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus, used
here to define problems occurring while using this device underwater.
SWIFT Water :
Any body of water that is moving and has a visible current.
✔✔ELECTROCUTION / LIGHTINING - ✔✔Protocol 15
All electrocution and lightning strike patients are assumed to be in cardiac arrest until
effective breathing is physically verified. Stay on the line with the caller until breathing
can be safely verified.
✔✔What is Protocol 16 related to? - ✔✔Eye problems and injuries
✔✔What constitutes a severe eye injury? - ✔✔Direct blow
✔✔What is a severe eye injury involving the eyeball being cut open? - ✔✔Eyeball cut
open
✔✔What is a severe eye injury characterized by leaking fluid? - ✔✔Eyeball leaking fluid
(traumatic)
✔✔What is a severe eye injury where the eyeball is out of its socket? - ✔✔Eyeball out
of socket (complete or partial)
✔✔What type of severe eye injury can occur from a flying object? - ✔✔Flying object
✔✔What is a severe eye injury caused by a penetrating object? - ✔✔Penetrating object
✔✔What constitutes a moderate eye injury? - ✔✔Chemical burn
ANSWERS 2025/2026
✔✔What is Protocol 9 related to? - ✔✔Cardiac or respiratory arrest / death
✔✔What are the signs of obvious death according to Protocol 9? - ✔✔Cold and stiff in
warm environment, decapitation, decomposition, incineration, non-recent death, severe
injuries obviously incompatible with life
✔✔What is considered expected death? - ✔✔Terminal illness or a DNR (Do Not
Resuscitate) Order
✔✔What is Protocol 10 related to? - ✔✔Chest Pain / Chest Discomfort (Non-Traumatic)
✔✔What are common symptoms of a heart attack? - ✔✔Aching pain, chest
pain/discomfort, constricting band, crushing discomfort, heaviness, numbness,
pressure, tightness
✔✔Where may heart attack symptoms present in the body? - ✔✔Arm(s), jaw, neck, or
upper back
✔✔Why might heart attack symptoms go unrecognized? - ✔✔Due to patient denial or
caller confusion
✔✔What is the protocol for choking? - ✔✔Protocol 11
✔✔What is complete obstruction in choking? - ✔✔Total obstruction of the upper airway
that prevents talking, breathing, and coughing.
✔✔What are the signs of partial obstruction in choking? - ✔✔Forceful coughs, wheezing
sounds between coughs, abnormal breathing, and difficulty speaking normally.
✔✔What is the protocol for seizures? - ✔✔Protocol 12
✔✔What is a generalized seizure? - ✔✔An abnormal firing of brain cells, usually
resulting in a period of unconsciousness and full-body jerking movements.
✔✔What are recurrent seizures? - ✔✔Seizures that occur more than once in a day,
where the patient regains consciousness between episodes.
✔✔What is a febrile seizure? - ✔✔A seizure that occurs in 3 to 5 percent of children
between 6 months and 5 years of age due to fever.
, ✔✔Are febrile seizures considered prehospital emergencies? - ✔✔No, but they must
always be evaluated by a physician.
✔✔What is the risk of death from a febrile seizure? - ✔✔The risk of death from a febrile
seizure itself is virtually zero.
✔✔DIABETIC PROBLEMS - ✔✔Protocol 13
An early sign of low blood sugar is abnormal behavior (a decreasing level of
consciousness), which may include agitation, aggressiveness, impaired judgment,
confusion, and/or combativeness.
✔✔DROWNING / NEAR DROWNING / DIVING / SCUBA ACCIDENT - ✔✔Protocol 14
DIVING :
To jump or plunge into water from a height.
SCUBA :
A commonly used acronym for Self - Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus, used
here to define problems occurring while using this device underwater.
SWIFT Water :
Any body of water that is moving and has a visible current.
✔✔ELECTROCUTION / LIGHTINING - ✔✔Protocol 15
All electrocution and lightning strike patients are assumed to be in cardiac arrest until
effective breathing is physically verified. Stay on the line with the caller until breathing
can be safely verified.
✔✔What is Protocol 16 related to? - ✔✔Eye problems and injuries
✔✔What constitutes a severe eye injury? - ✔✔Direct blow
✔✔What is a severe eye injury involving the eyeball being cut open? - ✔✔Eyeball cut
open
✔✔What is a severe eye injury characterized by leaking fluid? - ✔✔Eyeball leaking fluid
(traumatic)
✔✔What is a severe eye injury where the eyeball is out of its socket? - ✔✔Eyeball out
of socket (complete or partial)
✔✔What type of severe eye injury can occur from a flying object? - ✔✔Flying object
✔✔What is a severe eye injury caused by a penetrating object? - ✔✔Penetrating object
✔✔What constitutes a moderate eye injury? - ✔✔Chemical burn
