CRIM 103 MIDTERM WITH QUESTIONS AND
WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS [GRADED A+]
REAL EXAM 100%
What are the seven different orientations of psychological perspectives on crime and
deviance? Correct Answer: -Biological perspectives (genetic predispositions, biological
processes)
-Trait perspectives (enduring traits; extraversion, intelligence, emotionality)
-Psychodynamic perspectives (personal psychological motivations; "truly
psychological"; Freud)
-Sociocultural perspectives (effects of family, community, and peers)
-Radical behavioural perspectives (how environment reinforces, punishes, and ignores
behaviour)
-Humanistic & existential perspectives (Free choice, perceptions of self, acceptance and
personal growth)
-Social learning/cognitive behavioural perspectives (learning by observation, role of
cognition)
What are the four unifying principles of psychosocial explanations of criminal and
deviant behaviour? Correct Answer: 1. An interest in understanding the thoughts,
emotions, and behaviours of individuals
2. Openness to the range of factors that affect individual behaviour (ex. soma, psyche,
cultural, economic)
3. Commitment to a rational empirical approach to knowledge construction
4. Psychosocial explanations are subject to ethical and professional guidelines
What is criminal behaviour? Correct Answer: Behaviour that is against the laws of
society.
What is antisocial behaviour? Correct Answer: Behaviour that is detrimental to society,
but may not be against the law.
1|Page
,What is the developmental perspective of crime? Correct Answer: Views the human
life course as following a pathway.
-Each person has a different pathway with risk factors and protective factors depending
on their personal circumstances
What are some of the social risk factors? Correct Answer: -Poverty
-Association with delinquent peers
-Peer rejection
-Negative preschool experiences
-Low quality after-school care
-Academic failure
Why is poverty a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -Has strong connection to
persistent, violent offending for males and females
-Poverty accompanied by discrimination, family disruption, unsafe neighbourhoods,
overcrowded living conditions, unemployment
-Children in poverty more likely to attend inadequate schools, drop out, carry a firearm
-Low-income children more likely to be targeted by police
-Stress of parents; aggressive methods of child control
Why is association with delinquent peers a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -
Susceptible to peer influence during adolescence
-Involvement with antisocial peers related to delinquency, drug use, and other
antisocial behaviour
2|Page
, What are the three major perspectives about the way peer groups influence antisocial
and delinquent behaviour? Correct Answer: 1. Youths become delinquent as a direct
result of their association with deviant peers
2. Antisocial youths seek out greater contact with similar deviant peers (gravitate
towards those similar to themselves)
3. Deviant youths draw to groups similar to themselves, and this encourages their
existing tendencies for delinquency (combination of first two points)
Why is peer rejection a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -Being liked and accepted by
one's peer group is critical for psychological and social development
-Being rejected by peers in elementary school leads to unhealthy psychological and
social development and is strong predictor for future delinquency
What are some factors that predict which children tend to get rejected by their peers?
Correct Answer: -Aggressive behaviour
-Poor relationship with parents
-Impulsive and disruptive behaviour
-Shy and socially withdrawn
-Quick to get angry
Why is negative preschool experiences a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -Quality of
care provided by daycare facilities is highly variable
-Low quality childcare increases risk of poorer development of language skills,
cognitive skills, and social and emotional adjustment; all risk factors for future
delinquent behaviour
-High quality childcare can be protective (Perry Preschool Project)
Why is low quality after-school care a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -More time
spent in unsupervised after-school self care increases risk for behaviour problems in
early adolescence
3|Page
WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS [GRADED A+]
REAL EXAM 100%
What are the seven different orientations of psychological perspectives on crime and
deviance? Correct Answer: -Biological perspectives (genetic predispositions, biological
processes)
-Trait perspectives (enduring traits; extraversion, intelligence, emotionality)
-Psychodynamic perspectives (personal psychological motivations; "truly
psychological"; Freud)
-Sociocultural perspectives (effects of family, community, and peers)
-Radical behavioural perspectives (how environment reinforces, punishes, and ignores
behaviour)
-Humanistic & existential perspectives (Free choice, perceptions of self, acceptance and
personal growth)
-Social learning/cognitive behavioural perspectives (learning by observation, role of
cognition)
What are the four unifying principles of psychosocial explanations of criminal and
deviant behaviour? Correct Answer: 1. An interest in understanding the thoughts,
emotions, and behaviours of individuals
2. Openness to the range of factors that affect individual behaviour (ex. soma, psyche,
cultural, economic)
3. Commitment to a rational empirical approach to knowledge construction
4. Psychosocial explanations are subject to ethical and professional guidelines
What is criminal behaviour? Correct Answer: Behaviour that is against the laws of
society.
What is antisocial behaviour? Correct Answer: Behaviour that is detrimental to society,
but may not be against the law.
1|Page
,What is the developmental perspective of crime? Correct Answer: Views the human
life course as following a pathway.
-Each person has a different pathway with risk factors and protective factors depending
on their personal circumstances
What are some of the social risk factors? Correct Answer: -Poverty
-Association with delinquent peers
-Peer rejection
-Negative preschool experiences
-Low quality after-school care
-Academic failure
Why is poverty a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -Has strong connection to
persistent, violent offending for males and females
-Poverty accompanied by discrimination, family disruption, unsafe neighbourhoods,
overcrowded living conditions, unemployment
-Children in poverty more likely to attend inadequate schools, drop out, carry a firearm
-Low-income children more likely to be targeted by police
-Stress of parents; aggressive methods of child control
Why is association with delinquent peers a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -
Susceptible to peer influence during adolescence
-Involvement with antisocial peers related to delinquency, drug use, and other
antisocial behaviour
2|Page
, What are the three major perspectives about the way peer groups influence antisocial
and delinquent behaviour? Correct Answer: 1. Youths become delinquent as a direct
result of their association with deviant peers
2. Antisocial youths seek out greater contact with similar deviant peers (gravitate
towards those similar to themselves)
3. Deviant youths draw to groups similar to themselves, and this encourages their
existing tendencies for delinquency (combination of first two points)
Why is peer rejection a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -Being liked and accepted by
one's peer group is critical for psychological and social development
-Being rejected by peers in elementary school leads to unhealthy psychological and
social development and is strong predictor for future delinquency
What are some factors that predict which children tend to get rejected by their peers?
Correct Answer: -Aggressive behaviour
-Poor relationship with parents
-Impulsive and disruptive behaviour
-Shy and socially withdrawn
-Quick to get angry
Why is negative preschool experiences a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -Quality of
care provided by daycare facilities is highly variable
-Low quality childcare increases risk of poorer development of language skills,
cognitive skills, and social and emotional adjustment; all risk factors for future
delinquent behaviour
-High quality childcare can be protective (Perry Preschool Project)
Why is low quality after-school care a social risk factor? Correct Answer: -More time
spent in unsupervised after-school self care increases risk for behaviour problems in
early adolescence
3|Page
