Diabetes Mellitus Medications
Exam Questions With Solutions
What do Sulfonylureas do? - ANSWER>>Stimulates secretion of insulin by
beta cells & increases sensitivity of receptor cell sites to insulin
How do you administer Sulfonylureas? - ANSWER>>With meals once to
twice per day
What are some adverse effects of Sulfonylureas? -
ANSWER>>Hypoglycemia
Weight gain (fluid retention)
GI upset
Teratogenic in pregnancy & may result in hypoglycemia in NB after
delivery.
Drug Interactions: ETOH Flushing, palpitations, nausea.
NSAIDS, sulfa antibiotics, ranitidine (Zantac) increase effects of
hypoglycemia.
What are the nursing implications for Sulfonylureas? - ANSWER>>Watch for
hypoglycemia Teach pt. S&S and how to prevent.
Use with caution in pts. with renal/liver dysfunction.
Lower incidence of hypoglycemia with Amaryl.
What medications are Biguanides? - ANSWER>>Metformin (Glucophage)
, What is the action of Biguanides? - ANSWER>>Reduces amt. of glucose
produced in liver.
Increases sensitivity of receptor site cells to insulin.
Improves lipid profile.
What are some side effects of Biguanides? - ANSWER>>GI- diarrhea, N, V,
flatulence, indigestion.
Metallic taste.
Drug Interactions: ETOH -increases risk of lactic acidosis Use with caution
with HF.
What should nurses monitor for in patients on Biguanides? -
ANSWER>>Monitor renal/liver function. Monitor creatinine levels (>1.4
mg/dL).
Monitor for hypoglycemia- Teach S&S and how to prevent
What medications are Meglitinides? - ANSWER>>Repaglinide (Prandin)
Onset: 30 min
What drugs are Sulfonylureas? - ANSWER>>1st generation:
chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
2nd generation: More potent at lower doses
glyburide (Diabeta,Glynase, Micronase)
Glipizide(Glucotrol)
3rd generation:
glimepiride (Amaryl)
Duration: < 4hrs
Exam Questions With Solutions
What do Sulfonylureas do? - ANSWER>>Stimulates secretion of insulin by
beta cells & increases sensitivity of receptor cell sites to insulin
How do you administer Sulfonylureas? - ANSWER>>With meals once to
twice per day
What are some adverse effects of Sulfonylureas? -
ANSWER>>Hypoglycemia
Weight gain (fluid retention)
GI upset
Teratogenic in pregnancy & may result in hypoglycemia in NB after
delivery.
Drug Interactions: ETOH Flushing, palpitations, nausea.
NSAIDS, sulfa antibiotics, ranitidine (Zantac) increase effects of
hypoglycemia.
What are the nursing implications for Sulfonylureas? - ANSWER>>Watch for
hypoglycemia Teach pt. S&S and how to prevent.
Use with caution in pts. with renal/liver dysfunction.
Lower incidence of hypoglycemia with Amaryl.
What medications are Biguanides? - ANSWER>>Metformin (Glucophage)
, What is the action of Biguanides? - ANSWER>>Reduces amt. of glucose
produced in liver.
Increases sensitivity of receptor site cells to insulin.
Improves lipid profile.
What are some side effects of Biguanides? - ANSWER>>GI- diarrhea, N, V,
flatulence, indigestion.
Metallic taste.
Drug Interactions: ETOH -increases risk of lactic acidosis Use with caution
with HF.
What should nurses monitor for in patients on Biguanides? -
ANSWER>>Monitor renal/liver function. Monitor creatinine levels (>1.4
mg/dL).
Monitor for hypoglycemia- Teach S&S and how to prevent
What medications are Meglitinides? - ANSWER>>Repaglinide (Prandin)
Onset: 30 min
What drugs are Sulfonylureas? - ANSWER>>1st generation:
chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
2nd generation: More potent at lower doses
glyburide (Diabeta,Glynase, Micronase)
Glipizide(Glucotrol)
3rd generation:
glimepiride (Amaryl)
Duration: < 4hrs
