PTA Board Exam UPDATED Study Guide
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
diplopia - CORRECT ANSWER double vision
Iontophoresis - CORRECT ANSWER The process of introducing water-soluble
products into the skin with the use of electric current
Ultrasound frequency - CORRECT ANSWER • 1 MHz = 2-3 cm depth
• 3 MHz = 1-2 cm depth
Ultrasound Duty Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER goals: tissue temp= 100%, continuous
nonthermal= 20%, pulsed (The typical pulse ratios of pulse duration time to pulse rest time
are 1:1 and 1:4) 5 to 10 mins
Ultrasound Intensity - CORRECT ANSWER Continuous (thermal) Normally set btw .5
to 2.0W/cm2
Pulse (nonthermal) .5 to 075W/cm2 w 20% duty cycle
ultrasound therapy - CORRECT ANSWER A deep heating modality using high-energy
sound waves that is most effective for heating tissues or deep joints and is performed by a
physical therapist
the application of sound waves to a body area to increase circulation and flexibility as well as
to decrease pain and muscle spasms in that area
Rine test - CORRECT ANSWER bone/air conduction hearing
peroneal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER Motor: Foot Dorsiflexion, Inversion, Eversion
Muscle: Tib. Anterior, Toe Extensors, Peroneals
,Sensory: Anterior Leg, Dorsum of Foot
Disorder: Fibular Head Fracture
orthosis - CORRECT ANSWER externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or
correct deformities
congestive heart failure (CHF) - CORRECT ANSWER the failure of the heart to pump
efficiently, leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, and systemic circulation.
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - CORRECT ANSWER "bad" cholesterol
High ratio of lipid to protein
Contributes to cardiovascular disease
Normal 100 mg/dL
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - CORRECT ANSWER good cholesterol
Normal, more than 60 mg/dL
Syme's amputation - CORRECT ANSWER surgical removal of the foot at the ankle
joint with removal of the malleoli
transtibial amputation - CORRECT ANSWER below knee amputation
prolonged hip and knee flexion should be avoided
residual limb would place the knee in extension
congenital limb deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Failure of a limb formation or
partial limb formation in utero may lead to amputation
Ray resection amputation - CORRECT ANSWER removal of a toe and all or part of
the corresponding metatarsal
, Valting gait - CORRECT ANSWER Heel elevating during stance in combination w
knee and hip extension.
Raise the pelvis in order to to clear the contralateral limb during the swing phase
Antalgic gait - CORRECT ANSWER involved step length is decreased in order to
avoid weight bearing due to pain
trenderlenberg gait - CORRECT ANSWER drop of pelvis when lifting leg opposite to
weak gluteus medius
O2 saturation (SaO2) - CORRECT ANSWER 95-100%
Below 90% it may be a sign of hypoxia. If blood oxygen saturation levels fall to 88% or
lower, seek immediate medical attention,
Cardio Biomarkers - CORRECT ANSWER chemicals are measured in the blood as
evidence of a heart attack
Prothrombin Time (PT) - CORRECT ANSWER test of the ability of blood to clot
Serum Electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWER To evaluate fluid and electrolyte status.
sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium
serum cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER Cholesterol found in blood
Heart Rate (HR) - CORRECT ANSWER Normal: 60-100 BPM
Less than 60: bradycardia
More than 100: tachycardia
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - CORRECT ANSWER chronic systemic disease
characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the
body causing pn and swollen. can be detected by blood test and XR
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
diplopia - CORRECT ANSWER double vision
Iontophoresis - CORRECT ANSWER The process of introducing water-soluble
products into the skin with the use of electric current
Ultrasound frequency - CORRECT ANSWER • 1 MHz = 2-3 cm depth
• 3 MHz = 1-2 cm depth
Ultrasound Duty Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER goals: tissue temp= 100%, continuous
nonthermal= 20%, pulsed (The typical pulse ratios of pulse duration time to pulse rest time
are 1:1 and 1:4) 5 to 10 mins
Ultrasound Intensity - CORRECT ANSWER Continuous (thermal) Normally set btw .5
to 2.0W/cm2
Pulse (nonthermal) .5 to 075W/cm2 w 20% duty cycle
ultrasound therapy - CORRECT ANSWER A deep heating modality using high-energy
sound waves that is most effective for heating tissues or deep joints and is performed by a
physical therapist
the application of sound waves to a body area to increase circulation and flexibility as well as
to decrease pain and muscle spasms in that area
Rine test - CORRECT ANSWER bone/air conduction hearing
peroneal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER Motor: Foot Dorsiflexion, Inversion, Eversion
Muscle: Tib. Anterior, Toe Extensors, Peroneals
,Sensory: Anterior Leg, Dorsum of Foot
Disorder: Fibular Head Fracture
orthosis - CORRECT ANSWER externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or
correct deformities
congestive heart failure (CHF) - CORRECT ANSWER the failure of the heart to pump
efficiently, leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, and systemic circulation.
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - CORRECT ANSWER "bad" cholesterol
High ratio of lipid to protein
Contributes to cardiovascular disease
Normal 100 mg/dL
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - CORRECT ANSWER good cholesterol
Normal, more than 60 mg/dL
Syme's amputation - CORRECT ANSWER surgical removal of the foot at the ankle
joint with removal of the malleoli
transtibial amputation - CORRECT ANSWER below knee amputation
prolonged hip and knee flexion should be avoided
residual limb would place the knee in extension
congenital limb deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Failure of a limb formation or
partial limb formation in utero may lead to amputation
Ray resection amputation - CORRECT ANSWER removal of a toe and all or part of
the corresponding metatarsal
, Valting gait - CORRECT ANSWER Heel elevating during stance in combination w
knee and hip extension.
Raise the pelvis in order to to clear the contralateral limb during the swing phase
Antalgic gait - CORRECT ANSWER involved step length is decreased in order to
avoid weight bearing due to pain
trenderlenberg gait - CORRECT ANSWER drop of pelvis when lifting leg opposite to
weak gluteus medius
O2 saturation (SaO2) - CORRECT ANSWER 95-100%
Below 90% it may be a sign of hypoxia. If blood oxygen saturation levels fall to 88% or
lower, seek immediate medical attention,
Cardio Biomarkers - CORRECT ANSWER chemicals are measured in the blood as
evidence of a heart attack
Prothrombin Time (PT) - CORRECT ANSWER test of the ability of blood to clot
Serum Electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWER To evaluate fluid and electrolyte status.
sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium
serum cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER Cholesterol found in blood
Heart Rate (HR) - CORRECT ANSWER Normal: 60-100 BPM
Less than 60: bradycardia
More than 100: tachycardia
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - CORRECT ANSWER chronic systemic disease
characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the
body causing pn and swollen. can be detected by blood test and XR
