HY 103 Exam 1 Questions Answered Correctly Rated A+ Latest Update 2025-2026
Christendom - Answers Christian-dominated Western Europe of the Middle Ages
Latin Speaking Christians
Byzantine empire walls off Europe from the Middle East
They think of themselves as civilized, and Europe is wild
Dynastic Competition - Answers Competition basically between kings
A major factor in Spain and Portugal trying to outdo each other in late 1400s early 1500s
Byzantine Empire - Answers Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the
fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital
city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453.
Pushed out of the way by Ottomans, becomes Istanbul
Silk, sugar, spices come down the silk road to Byzantium
Ottoman Empire - Answers A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300's to 1922.
Takes over the Byzantine Empire
Marco Polo - Answers (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and
returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged
between Europe and China during this time period.
Wrote his book while in prison in Italy trying to get out (so may not be true)
Tells fantastic half-truths about China
Zheng He - Answers Makes a series of expeditions through the Indian ocean
,Very large Chinese navy force (like 60 ships, 25000 person crew)
They get about as far as Madagascar
China pulls the money (doesn't want to spend money on exploration when everyone is coming to them)
Canary Islands - Answers Not uninhabited; had a population settled there, were known to Rome but
when Roman civilization fell, they lost knowledge of these people for 2 years
Cash crop in the canary islands is sugar cane
It takes a lot of acreage of sugar cane to make sugar
Very labor intensive, need slaves
Force Guanache to work, they die --- turn to African slaves (congo and benine territories)
Guanache - Answers Guanache: people of the Canary Islands
Portuguese showed up, these people did not have concept of Christianity, money
"They are animals" because they lack these things
For 5 years, the Portuguese try to overtake them and convert them
Guanache don't have horses/ other animals
Guanache don't have metal
Portuguese have war dogs (Mastiffs kept hungry and trained to be vicious)
Guanache don't have the ANTIBODIES or knowledge to fight diseases from Portuguese
, Guanache were wiped out completely (language, culture, whole way of life)
Reconquista - Answers The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the
1100s until 1492.
Reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors (Muslims who conquered Spain in the 740s)
Christopher Columbus - Answers Columbus is a product of increasing dominance
Deeply religious, concerned about Muslims controlling Jerusalem
Reads Marco Polo, comes up with a big long term plan to extend the Reconquista to Jerusalem
Wants to convert Chinese to Christianity and take over Jerusalem
Columbus underestimated the size of the Earth greatly, thought it was much smaller
Portuguese aren't interested in his plan, English aren't either
Spanish just unified through the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella
If this voyage was successful, they would become much more powerful
After about 3 weeks, they spot first an island (somewhere in the Caribbean)
Columbus calls it Hispanola
Convinced he is correct and that he found India/China ... calls the people "Indians"
Reports back about the Indians; no clothes, weapons, we can order them to do what we want
Santa Maria wrecks in a storm, not everyone can come back, they make a fort (Indians kill those people)
Christendom - Answers Christian-dominated Western Europe of the Middle Ages
Latin Speaking Christians
Byzantine empire walls off Europe from the Middle East
They think of themselves as civilized, and Europe is wild
Dynastic Competition - Answers Competition basically between kings
A major factor in Spain and Portugal trying to outdo each other in late 1400s early 1500s
Byzantine Empire - Answers Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the
fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital
city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453.
Pushed out of the way by Ottomans, becomes Istanbul
Silk, sugar, spices come down the silk road to Byzantium
Ottoman Empire - Answers A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300's to 1922.
Takes over the Byzantine Empire
Marco Polo - Answers (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and
returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged
between Europe and China during this time period.
Wrote his book while in prison in Italy trying to get out (so may not be true)
Tells fantastic half-truths about China
Zheng He - Answers Makes a series of expeditions through the Indian ocean
,Very large Chinese navy force (like 60 ships, 25000 person crew)
They get about as far as Madagascar
China pulls the money (doesn't want to spend money on exploration when everyone is coming to them)
Canary Islands - Answers Not uninhabited; had a population settled there, were known to Rome but
when Roman civilization fell, they lost knowledge of these people for 2 years
Cash crop in the canary islands is sugar cane
It takes a lot of acreage of sugar cane to make sugar
Very labor intensive, need slaves
Force Guanache to work, they die --- turn to African slaves (congo and benine territories)
Guanache - Answers Guanache: people of the Canary Islands
Portuguese showed up, these people did not have concept of Christianity, money
"They are animals" because they lack these things
For 5 years, the Portuguese try to overtake them and convert them
Guanache don't have horses/ other animals
Guanache don't have metal
Portuguese have war dogs (Mastiffs kept hungry and trained to be vicious)
Guanache don't have the ANTIBODIES or knowledge to fight diseases from Portuguese
, Guanache were wiped out completely (language, culture, whole way of life)
Reconquista - Answers The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the
1100s until 1492.
Reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors (Muslims who conquered Spain in the 740s)
Christopher Columbus - Answers Columbus is a product of increasing dominance
Deeply religious, concerned about Muslims controlling Jerusalem
Reads Marco Polo, comes up with a big long term plan to extend the Reconquista to Jerusalem
Wants to convert Chinese to Christianity and take over Jerusalem
Columbus underestimated the size of the Earth greatly, thought it was much smaller
Portuguese aren't interested in his plan, English aren't either
Spanish just unified through the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella
If this voyage was successful, they would become much more powerful
After about 3 weeks, they spot first an island (somewhere in the Caribbean)
Columbus calls it Hispanola
Convinced he is correct and that he found India/China ... calls the people "Indians"
Reports back about the Indians; no clothes, weapons, we can order them to do what we want
Santa Maria wrecks in a storm, not everyone can come back, they make a fort (Indians kill those people)
