2025-2026 | ACTUAL EXAM WITH A STUDY GUIDE
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What are the three basic components of memory? Correct
Answer encoding, storage, and retrieval
What are the four main types of memory? Correct Answer
sensory memory (or immediate memory), short-term memory,
working memory, and long-term memory
What is sensory memory? Correct Answer holds information from
the senses for a few seconds immediately after the item is
perceived
What is short-term memory? Correct Answer enables recall of
information lasting a few minutes to hours
What is working memory? Correct Answer temporary storage and
active processing for information
,What is long-term memory? Correct Answer permanent
consolidation and storage of information
How can long term memory be split up? Correct Answer Explicit
(semantic = words, ideas, concepts & episodic = personal
experiences) and implicit (procedural = skills/tasks)
What is processing speed? Correct Answer a cognitive reaction
time/time it takes a person to gather the information presented,
process it, and respond; delayed processing makes an individual
more susceptible to distracters
How does brain injury affect processing? Correct Answer through
the anatomic or physiologic disruption of white matter tracts in the
brain; diffuse axonal injury is often associated with deficits in
information processing speed
What is executive functioning? Correct Answer the most complex
cognitive process that involve reasoning, planning, judgment,
initiation, and abstract thinking
What is metacognition? Correct Answer awareness of one's own
cognitive processing
What are three levels of impairments in metacognition following
brain injury? Correct Answer awareness of deficits caused by the
,injury, awareness of the functional implications of these deficits,
and an awareness to set realistic goals
What is cognitive rehabilitation? Correct Answer a systematically
applied set of medical and therapeutic services designed to
improve cognitive functioning and participation in activities that
may be affected by difficulties in one or more cognitive domains
What are factors that interfere with cognitive rehabilitation?
Correct Answer hearing, vision, communicative function, medical
stability, and emotional/behavioral control
What % of BI patients have hearing loss (in non-blast and blast
related injuries)? Correct Answer 44% non-blast, 62% blast
What is expressive language? Correct Answer the ability to
communicate language
What is receptive language? Correct Answer the ability to
understand language
What is apraxia of speech? Correct Answer an oral motor speech
disorder in which a person cannot translate what they want to say
into motor plans to initiate speech
, What is dysarthria? Correct Answer a speech disorder in which
muscle weakness affects speech production
What is the difference between compensatory and restorative
approaches to cognitive rehabilitation? Correct Answer
compensatory approach may assume certain cognitive functions
cannot be completely recovered d/t neurologic damage whereas
restorative approach is based on the premise that repeated
exposure and repetition of stimulation through experience can
change the brain's circuitry
What is environmental stimuli management? Correct Answer
involves modification of the therapy environment (from quiet to
distracting); as individuals master tasks in quiet, controlled
environments, tx can then move to increasingly distracting
environments
What is task complexity? Correct Answer Number of parts or
components in a skill, and the attention demands on the task
What is cognitive distance? Correct Answer concrete to abstract
What are the three principles of cognitive rehabilitation? Correct
Answer environmental stimulus, task complexity, and cognitive
distance