Vitamins CDR RD Exam questions with insightful answers.
Cobalamin (B12) Accurate Answer - absorbed in terminal ileum
requires intrinsic factor for absorption
Vitamin B12 deficiency Accurate Answer - Gastrectomy can cause deficiency
in intrinsic factor resulting in B12 deficiency
pernicious anemia
intramuscular injections required in malabsorption cases
Pernicious anemia Accurate Answer - lack of mature erythrocytes caused by
inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
B12 DRI Accurate Answer - 2.4 micrograms
B12 sources Accurate Answer - liver, meat, milk, kidney, eggs, fish, cheese
Folate (B9) Accurate Answer - folic acid- higher bioavailability, more stable
against heat, oxidation, and light in comparison to folate
Folate DRI Accurate Answer - 400 ug/day
600 ug/day (pregnancy)
500 ug/day (lactation)
Upper level = 1,000 ug/day of folic acid
NO upper limit for natural food sources of folate...
Folate deficiency Accurate Answer - megaloblastic anemia, neural tube
defects
Megaloblastic anemia Accurate Answer - a blood disorder characterized by
anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal
folate deficiency
Thiamin (B1) Accurate Answer - Part of TPP
free form- plants
TPP- animal sources
Folate sources Accurate Answer - fortified dry cereal, liver, kidney, green
leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, lentils, beans
, Dry beriberi Accurate Answer - Thiamin deficiency
affects the nervous system, numbness, tingling, and loss of muscle function
Wet beriberi Accurate Answer - Thiamin deficiency
pitting edema, affects cardiovascular system
malnourished with wasting or extreme edema
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome Accurate Answer - alcoholics
ETOH replaces dietary sources of thiamin, damages liver's ability to cover B1
to TPPP, increases. excretion in the urine
neurological impairment, odd eye movements, poor muscle coordination,
confusion
Thiamine sources Accurate Answer - lean pork, whole or enriched grains and
flours, legumes, seeds, and nuts
Thiamin DRI Accurate Answer - Men: 1.2 mg
Women: 1.1 mg
Riboflavin (B2) Accurate Answer - crucial in energy metabolism
bright yellow urine in excess
easily degraded by liht
Riboflavin deficiency Accurate Answer - relatively rare
cheilosis (angular stomatitis), glossitis, sore red eyes, dermatitis
Riboflavin sources Accurate Answer - Milk products; enriched, fortified, or
whole grain products; liver
Riboflavin DRI Accurate Answer - Men: 1.3 mg/day
Women: 1.1 mg/day
Niacin (B3) Accurate Answer - nicotinic acid and nicotinamide
NAD and NADP
Can be synthesized from tryptophan
high absorption except in cereal products
Low bioavailability in corn
Cobalamin (B12) Accurate Answer - absorbed in terminal ileum
requires intrinsic factor for absorption
Vitamin B12 deficiency Accurate Answer - Gastrectomy can cause deficiency
in intrinsic factor resulting in B12 deficiency
pernicious anemia
intramuscular injections required in malabsorption cases
Pernicious anemia Accurate Answer - lack of mature erythrocytes caused by
inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
B12 DRI Accurate Answer - 2.4 micrograms
B12 sources Accurate Answer - liver, meat, milk, kidney, eggs, fish, cheese
Folate (B9) Accurate Answer - folic acid- higher bioavailability, more stable
against heat, oxidation, and light in comparison to folate
Folate DRI Accurate Answer - 400 ug/day
600 ug/day (pregnancy)
500 ug/day (lactation)
Upper level = 1,000 ug/day of folic acid
NO upper limit for natural food sources of folate...
Folate deficiency Accurate Answer - megaloblastic anemia, neural tube
defects
Megaloblastic anemia Accurate Answer - a blood disorder characterized by
anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal
folate deficiency
Thiamin (B1) Accurate Answer - Part of TPP
free form- plants
TPP- animal sources
Folate sources Accurate Answer - fortified dry cereal, liver, kidney, green
leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, lentils, beans
, Dry beriberi Accurate Answer - Thiamin deficiency
affects the nervous system, numbness, tingling, and loss of muscle function
Wet beriberi Accurate Answer - Thiamin deficiency
pitting edema, affects cardiovascular system
malnourished with wasting or extreme edema
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome Accurate Answer - alcoholics
ETOH replaces dietary sources of thiamin, damages liver's ability to cover B1
to TPPP, increases. excretion in the urine
neurological impairment, odd eye movements, poor muscle coordination,
confusion
Thiamine sources Accurate Answer - lean pork, whole or enriched grains and
flours, legumes, seeds, and nuts
Thiamin DRI Accurate Answer - Men: 1.2 mg
Women: 1.1 mg
Riboflavin (B2) Accurate Answer - crucial in energy metabolism
bright yellow urine in excess
easily degraded by liht
Riboflavin deficiency Accurate Answer - relatively rare
cheilosis (angular stomatitis), glossitis, sore red eyes, dermatitis
Riboflavin sources Accurate Answer - Milk products; enriched, fortified, or
whole grain products; liver
Riboflavin DRI Accurate Answer - Men: 1.3 mg/day
Women: 1.1 mg/day
Niacin (B3) Accurate Answer - nicotinic acid and nicotinamide
NAD and NADP
Can be synthesized from tryptophan
high absorption except in cereal products
Low bioavailability in corn
