LOUISIANA HORTICULTURE EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2025 (100% ACCURATE).
4 major plant parts include - ANSWERroots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - ANSWERabsorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - ANSWERfibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - ANSWERroot system that consists of numerous multi-branched
roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - ANSWERroot system that consists of one
main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? -
ANSWERSpread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow
outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - ANSWERSupport
conduction
storage
Conduction - ANSWERthe movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - ANSWERwater and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves
through inner tissues called
phloem - ANSWERmanufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through
outer stem tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - ANSWERxylem and phloem
,Cambium layer - ANSWERThe tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Girdle - ANSWERis a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts
the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - ANSWERAreas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - ANSWERThe xylem and phloem
tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the
stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - ANSWERthe xylem is formed on the inside
next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on
the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
axillary bud and axil - ANSWERin the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the
______ of the leaf.
October until December - ANSWEROutdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
Dicot Leaf - ANSWERLeaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent
veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - ANSWERLeaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous
branching between the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - ANSWERLeaves have two main functions to carry
out: ______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - ANSWERthe process whereby carbon dioxide and water are
eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible
light absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - ANSWERthe process whereby the leaf gives off water into the
atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive
heat build up
Asexual reproductive structures - ANSWERSome plants have modified stem and roots
structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
, Corms, such as gladiolus - ANSWERsolid stem structures with remains of dried scale
leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by
temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - ANSWERthe main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
Stolons - ANSWERCylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - ANSWERroots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - ANSWERthe area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - ANSWERRoots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - ANSWERRoot living through one growing season
water deficit making the plant wilt - ANSWERWhat occurs when transpiration is more
rapid than absorption?
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - ANSWERWater movement from the
roots through the stems to the leaves depends on
Angiosperms - ANSWERPlants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
gymnosperms - ANSWERplants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds
uncovered in cones or similar structures such as conifers
receptacle - ANSWERflowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
sepals - ANSWERouter set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other
parts of the flower until these are nearly mature.
Calyx - ANSWERcollectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
Corolla - ANSWERAn entire set of petals is called the ________.
Stamens - ANSWERare the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-
bearing anthers supported by filaments.
Pistils - ANSWERfemale part of the plants that consist of an ovule-bearing base, the
ovary, supporting an elongated region called the style
stigma - ANSWERexpanded tip of the style is called the
STUDY GUIDE 2025 (100% ACCURATE).
4 major plant parts include - ANSWERroots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - ANSWERabsorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - ANSWERfibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - ANSWERroot system that consists of numerous multi-branched
roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - ANSWERroot system that consists of one
main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? -
ANSWERSpread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow
outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - ANSWERSupport
conduction
storage
Conduction - ANSWERthe movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - ANSWERwater and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves
through inner tissues called
phloem - ANSWERmanufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through
outer stem tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - ANSWERxylem and phloem
,Cambium layer - ANSWERThe tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Girdle - ANSWERis a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts
the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - ANSWERAreas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - ANSWERThe xylem and phloem
tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the
stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - ANSWERthe xylem is formed on the inside
next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on
the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
axillary bud and axil - ANSWERin the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the
______ of the leaf.
October until December - ANSWEROutdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
Dicot Leaf - ANSWERLeaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent
veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - ANSWERLeaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous
branching between the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - ANSWERLeaves have two main functions to carry
out: ______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - ANSWERthe process whereby carbon dioxide and water are
eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible
light absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - ANSWERthe process whereby the leaf gives off water into the
atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive
heat build up
Asexual reproductive structures - ANSWERSome plants have modified stem and roots
structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
, Corms, such as gladiolus - ANSWERsolid stem structures with remains of dried scale
leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by
temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - ANSWERthe main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
Stolons - ANSWERCylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - ANSWERroots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - ANSWERthe area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - ANSWERRoots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - ANSWERRoot living through one growing season
water deficit making the plant wilt - ANSWERWhat occurs when transpiration is more
rapid than absorption?
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - ANSWERWater movement from the
roots through the stems to the leaves depends on
Angiosperms - ANSWERPlants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
gymnosperms - ANSWERplants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds
uncovered in cones or similar structures such as conifers
receptacle - ANSWERflowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
sepals - ANSWERouter set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other
parts of the flower until these are nearly mature.
Calyx - ANSWERcollectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
Corolla - ANSWERAn entire set of petals is called the ________.
Stamens - ANSWERare the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-
bearing anthers supported by filaments.
Pistils - ANSWERfemale part of the plants that consist of an ovule-bearing base, the
ovary, supporting an elongated region called the style
stigma - ANSWERexpanded tip of the style is called the
