EMT FISDAP CARDIOLOGY EXAM 2025

Which intervention or interventions would have the MOST positive impact on the cardiac arrest patient's outcome? - Correct Ans-Early CPR and defibrillation The AED gives "no shock" message to a patient who is in cardiac arrest. You should: - Correct Ans-Resume chest compressions What is the maximum amount of time that should be spent checking for spontaneous breathing in an unresponsive child? - Correct Ans-10 seconds When performing CPR on an adult, you should compress the chest to a depth of ___ at a rate of ___. - Correct Ans-2.0-2.4 in, 100-150BPM What is the appropriate compression to ventilation ratio for adult two-rescuer CPR? - Correct Ans-30:2 When checking for a pulse in an infant, which artery should you palpate? - Correct Ans Brachial When performing CPR on an adult or child, you should reassess the patient for return of respirations/circulation every ____ minutes. - Correct Ans-2 What is the preferred method of removing a foreign body in an unresponsive child? - Correct Ans-Chest compressions Cardiogenic shock is caused by: - Correct Ans-Inadequate function of the heart muscle Pericardial effusion - Correct Ans-Collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium Cardiac tamponade - Correct Ans-Occurs when blood leaks into the space between the pericardium and the pericardial sac Signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade: - Correct Ans-Beck triad: the presence of jugular vein distention, muffled heart sounds, and a narrowing pulse pressure where the systolic and diastolic blood pressures start to merge. Signs of cardiogenic shock: - Correct Ans- -Skin may be cool, clammy, and ashen -High BP -Rapid, shallow breathing -Weak, irregular pulse -Anxiety, nausea EMT FISDAP EMT FISDAP You arrive on scene to find a conscious 58YOF sitting up and reporting severe chest pain and SOB. She is anxious and "feels like she's going to die." Her skin is pale, cool, and clammy and her pulse is rapid, weak, and irregular. Her breathing is labored, with a RR of 28 breaths/min. Her SpO2 is 90%. Lung sounds show crackles in all fields, and BP is 92/60 mmHg. What is your differential diagnosis of the patient? - Correct Ans Cardiogenic shock The heart is divided down the middle into left and right sides by the: - Correct Ans Septum Which chamber of the heart receives incoming unoxygenated blood? - Correct Ans Atrium Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood? - Correct Ans-Ventricles Normal electrical impulses begin in the: - Correct Ans-Sinoatrial (SA) node What characteristic allows a cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without an external stimulus? - Correct Ans-Automaticity The sympathetic nervous system acts on the body by: - Correct Ans--increasing HR and RR -constricting blood vessels in the muscles The parasympathetic nervous system acts on the body by: - Correct Ans-(directly opposes the sympathetic NS) -decreases HR and RR -constricts blood vessels in muscles Increased oxygen demand in a normal heart is supplied by ______ of the coronary arteries. - Correct Ans-Dilation The heart itself is supplied by blood through what vessels? - Correct Ans-Coronary vessels The iliac arteries descend into the: - Correct Ans-femoral arteries Which veins bring blood back to the right atrium? - Correct Ans-Venae cavae Systolic pressure is the: - Correct Ans-maximum pressure generated in the arteries during contraction of the left ventricle Pulses felt in the extremities are called: - Correct Ans-Peripheral pulses Pulses felt near the trunk of the body are called: - Correct Ans-Central pulses EMT FISDAP EMT FISDAP Decrease in blood flow to the heart is called: - Correct Ans-ischemia Disorder in which calcium an cholesterol build up and form a plaque inside the walls of the blood vessels is called: - Correct Ans-Athersclerosis Occlusion: - Correct Ans-Complete blockage of an artery A blood clot that floats through blood vessels until it reaches an area too narrow to pass, causing it to stop and block blood flow is called: - Correct Ans-Thromboembolism If a blockage occurs in a coronary artery, the condition is known as: - Correct Ans-Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Acute Coronary Syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by: - Correct Ans-MI ACS can be caused by: - Correct Ans-1. Angina pectoris 2. Acute myocardial infarction Angina is most often a symptom of: - Correct Ans-Athersclerotic coronary artery disease Angina occurs when: - Correct Ans-The heart's need for oxygen exceeds the supply Signs and symptoms of angina: - Correct Ans--crushing, squeezing, "like somebody standing on their chest" -Usually felt in midportion of chest under sternum, can radiate to jaw, back, or epigastrum -Pain goes away after 3-8 min -Associated with SOB, nausea, vomiting Stable angina can be relieved with: - Correct Ans-rest, NTG, supplemental oxygen Unstable angina is characterized by: - Correct Ans-pain in the chest of coronary origin that stays regardless of rest/NTG/O2 Signs and symptoms of AMI: - Correct Ans--sudden onset of weakness, nausea, sweating -chest pain, discomfort, or pressure that is either crushing or squeezing and doesn't change with each breath -Pain, discomfort, pressure in lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, neck -irregular HR -Syncope Dysrythmia: - Correct Ans-Abnormal heart rhythm Tachycardia: - Correct Ans-HR of greater than 100 BPM EMT FISDAP EMT FISDAP Bradycardia: - Correct Ans-HR of less than 60 BPM Rapid heart rhythm, usually at a rate of 150-200BPM. - Correct Ans-Ventricular tachycardia Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles. - Correct Ans-Ventricular defibrillation If a defibrillator is not immediately available for a patient in ventricular fibrillation, you should: - Correct Ans-Initiate CPR until an AED arrives If uncorrected, unstable VT or VF will lead to: - Correct Ans-Asystole A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid in the lungs/body. - Correct Ans-Congestive heart failure Signs and symptoms of CHF: - Correct Ans--JVD (right side) -Dependent edema (right side) -Use of accessory muscles (left side) High BP, rapid HR, rapid RR -Fluid in the lungs (crackles) (left side) One of the most common signs of a hypertensive emergency: - Correct Ans-Sudden, severe headache Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency: - Correct Ans--strong, bounding pulse -ringing in the ears -nausea/vomiting -dizziness Untreated hypertensive emergencies can lead to: - Correct Ans-stroke or dissecting aortic aneurysm A weakness in the wall of the aorta: - Correct Ans-Aortic aneurysm Occurs when the inner layers of the aorta become separated, allowing blood to flow between the layers. - Correct Ans-Dissecting aortic aneur