SAUNDERS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 8TH EDITION
NCLEX PREP – 40 QUESTIONS
1. Which elements must be included in a valid prescription?
A. Date, time written, patient age, route, pharmacy name
B. Medication name, dosage, time, patient's weight, pharmacy license
C. Date/time written, medication name, dosage, route, prescriber signature
D. Diagnosis, prescription, provider's contact, date
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A complete prescription includes the date and time it was written, the name of the
medication, dosage, route of administration, and the prescriber's signature.
2. What is the purpose of an advance directive?
A. To outline discharge instructions
B. To document medication allergies
C. To indicate a person’s wishes regarding care in terminal situations
D. To inform family about funeral preferences
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: An advance directive is a legal document outlining a person's healthcare wishes in case of
terminal illness or during the dying process.
3. The Self-Determination Act requires that clients:
A. Be discharged early if they refuse treatment
B. Be informed about pain management
C. Be offered free medical services
D. Receive information about their rights to written directives
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Act ensures clients are informed of their right to make decisions about their medical
care and have written advance directives.
4. What is the nurse’s role in handling advance directives?
A. Only inform the family
B. Only report to the prescriber
C. Provide info, document status, ensure accuracy, prioritize client wishes, inform healthcare team
D. Do nothing unless a conflict arises
,Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The nurse must provide information, document and review directives, prioritize client
wishes, and inform the care team.
5. Which of the following correctly lists Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs from bottom to top?
A. Esteem, safety, love, physiological, self-actualization
B. Safety, love, physiological, esteem, self-actualization
C. Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
D. Love, physiological, safety, esteem, self-actualization
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Maslow's hierarchy is physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
6. What does the intravascular compartment refer to?
A. Fluid in the lungs
B. Fluid outside the cells
C. Fluid inside blood vessels
D. Fluid around organs
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The intravascular compartment contains fluid within blood vessels.
7. The intracellular compartment refers to fluid:
A. Inside the brain only
B. Inside the cells
C. Outside the cells
D. Within the lymph nodes
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Intracellular fluid is found inside the body’s cells.
8. What does extracellular fluid include?
A. Plasma only
B. Fluid inside the cells
C. Fluid outside the cells (interstitial and intravascular)
D. Lymph only
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Extracellular fluid refers to all body fluid outside cells, including plasma and interstitial
fluid.
,9. Cardiovascular signs of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Bounding pulse, high BP
B. Increased central venous pressure
C. Thready pulse, decreased BP
D. Hypertension and edema
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fluid deficit causes thready pulse, low blood pressure, and reduced venous return.
10. Respiratory signs of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Bradypnea and apnea
B. Increased respiratory rate and depth, dyspnea
C. Rhonchi and wheezing
D. Decreased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hypovolemia leads to increased respiratory activity and dyspnea.
11. Neuromuscular signs of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Seizures
B. Muscle hypertonia
C. Muscle weakness, fever, decreased CNS activity
D. Hallucinations
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dehydration affects the nervous system and muscle strength.
12. A renal symptom of fluid volume deficit is:
A. Polyuria
B. Incontinence
C. Decreased urine output
D. Increased urine concentration
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Less circulating volume leads to reduced urine output.
13. Integumentary signs of fluid deficit include:
A. Flushed moist skin
B. Dry skin, tenting
C. Sweating
D. Warm skin with edema
, Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dehydration results in dry, poor-turgor skin.
14. GI symptoms of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Diarrhea
B. Abdominal distension, weight loss, thirst
C. Vomiting
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Constipation, weight loss, and decreased bowel activity are signs of fluid loss.
15. Lab findings for fluid volume deficit include:
A. Decreased sodium
B. Increased serum osmolarity, BUN, hematocrit
C. Low urine specific gravity
D. Decreased BUN
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hemoconcentration occurs, raising these lab values.
16. Cardiovascular signs of fluid excess include:
A. Thready pulse
B. Flat veins
C. Bounding pulse, increased BP
D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fluid overload results in high BP and bounding pulse.
17. Respiratory signs of fluid excess include:
A. Wheezing
B. Dyspnea, crackles, shallow breathing
C. Bradypnea
D. Normal breath sounds
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Pulmonary congestion leads to dyspnea and moist breath sounds.
18. Neuromuscular signs of fluid excess include:
A. Seizures only
NCLEX PREP – 40 QUESTIONS
1. Which elements must be included in a valid prescription?
A. Date, time written, patient age, route, pharmacy name
B. Medication name, dosage, time, patient's weight, pharmacy license
C. Date/time written, medication name, dosage, route, prescriber signature
D. Diagnosis, prescription, provider's contact, date
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A complete prescription includes the date and time it was written, the name of the
medication, dosage, route of administration, and the prescriber's signature.
2. What is the purpose of an advance directive?
A. To outline discharge instructions
B. To document medication allergies
C. To indicate a person’s wishes regarding care in terminal situations
D. To inform family about funeral preferences
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: An advance directive is a legal document outlining a person's healthcare wishes in case of
terminal illness or during the dying process.
3. The Self-Determination Act requires that clients:
A. Be discharged early if they refuse treatment
B. Be informed about pain management
C. Be offered free medical services
D. Receive information about their rights to written directives
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Act ensures clients are informed of their right to make decisions about their medical
care and have written advance directives.
4. What is the nurse’s role in handling advance directives?
A. Only inform the family
B. Only report to the prescriber
C. Provide info, document status, ensure accuracy, prioritize client wishes, inform healthcare team
D. Do nothing unless a conflict arises
,Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The nurse must provide information, document and review directives, prioritize client
wishes, and inform the care team.
5. Which of the following correctly lists Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs from bottom to top?
A. Esteem, safety, love, physiological, self-actualization
B. Safety, love, physiological, esteem, self-actualization
C. Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
D. Love, physiological, safety, esteem, self-actualization
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Maslow's hierarchy is physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
6. What does the intravascular compartment refer to?
A. Fluid in the lungs
B. Fluid outside the cells
C. Fluid inside blood vessels
D. Fluid around organs
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The intravascular compartment contains fluid within blood vessels.
7. The intracellular compartment refers to fluid:
A. Inside the brain only
B. Inside the cells
C. Outside the cells
D. Within the lymph nodes
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Intracellular fluid is found inside the body’s cells.
8. What does extracellular fluid include?
A. Plasma only
B. Fluid inside the cells
C. Fluid outside the cells (interstitial and intravascular)
D. Lymph only
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Extracellular fluid refers to all body fluid outside cells, including plasma and interstitial
fluid.
,9. Cardiovascular signs of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Bounding pulse, high BP
B. Increased central venous pressure
C. Thready pulse, decreased BP
D. Hypertension and edema
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fluid deficit causes thready pulse, low blood pressure, and reduced venous return.
10. Respiratory signs of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Bradypnea and apnea
B. Increased respiratory rate and depth, dyspnea
C. Rhonchi and wheezing
D. Decreased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hypovolemia leads to increased respiratory activity and dyspnea.
11. Neuromuscular signs of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Seizures
B. Muscle hypertonia
C. Muscle weakness, fever, decreased CNS activity
D. Hallucinations
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dehydration affects the nervous system and muscle strength.
12. A renal symptom of fluid volume deficit is:
A. Polyuria
B. Incontinence
C. Decreased urine output
D. Increased urine concentration
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Less circulating volume leads to reduced urine output.
13. Integumentary signs of fluid deficit include:
A. Flushed moist skin
B. Dry skin, tenting
C. Sweating
D. Warm skin with edema
, Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dehydration results in dry, poor-turgor skin.
14. GI symptoms of fluid volume deficit include:
A. Diarrhea
B. Abdominal distension, weight loss, thirst
C. Vomiting
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Constipation, weight loss, and decreased bowel activity are signs of fluid loss.
15. Lab findings for fluid volume deficit include:
A. Decreased sodium
B. Increased serum osmolarity, BUN, hematocrit
C. Low urine specific gravity
D. Decreased BUN
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hemoconcentration occurs, raising these lab values.
16. Cardiovascular signs of fluid excess include:
A. Thready pulse
B. Flat veins
C. Bounding pulse, increased BP
D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fluid overload results in high BP and bounding pulse.
17. Respiratory signs of fluid excess include:
A. Wheezing
B. Dyspnea, crackles, shallow breathing
C. Bradypnea
D. Normal breath sounds
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Pulmonary congestion leads to dyspnea and moist breath sounds.
18. Neuromuscular signs of fluid excess include:
A. Seizures only
