AHN 448 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Detailed Answers| Guaranteed Pass.

infusion therapy - correct answer ___ is the most common invasive procedure in the hospital 1: maintaining and correcting fluid balance 2: maintaining and correcting electrolyte or acid-base balance 3: giving meds 4: replacing blood - correct answer 4 uses of infusion therapy 1: type of fluid 2: rate 3: concentration/dose - correct answer Fluid orders must contain: (3) 1: drug name 2: route 3: dose 4: time of administration 5: length of infusion time 6: purpose - correct answer Drug orders must contain: (6) 270 - 300 - correct answer What is normal serum osmolality? 600 - correct answer If the osmolality of a fluid is more than ___ it must be given in the central circulation. 5; 9 - correct answer If the pH of a fluid is less than ___ or more than ___, it must be given in the central circulation 1400 - correct answer The osmolality of TPN is more than ___ and should never be given in the peripheral veins; it can damage the lining of the veins as well as the blood cells 1: packed red blood cells 2: platelets 3: fresh frozen plasma 4: albumin 5: clotting factors - correct answer What are 5 components of blood / products? 1: type and cross the blood type (2 people verify) 2: plan autologous donation in advance 3: give blood by verifying with 2 nurses - correct answer 3 ways to reduce risk when giving blood 1: before giving 2: 15 minutes after beginning and every 15 during the first hour 3: every hour during 4: after completed - correct answer When do you monitor vitals with a blood transfusion? (4) febrile - correct answer the most common type of transfusion reaction is ___. It is caused by possible sensitivity to the leukocytes or platelet's in the donor's blood 30 minutes to 6 hours - correct answer Onset of a febrile reaction occurs __ to __ after finishing the transfusion 1: fever 1 degree C above baseline 2: flushing 3: chills 4: headache 5: muscle pain - correct answer 5 signs and symptoms of a febrile reaction leukocytes - correct answer To prevent a febrile reaction, use blood products that have reduced amount of ___ in patients who have had a febrile reaction in the past 1: stop transfusion 2: give antipyretics 3: monitor temp q4h - correct answer 3 interventions for a febrile reaction acute hemolytic - correct answer a blood transfusion reaction in which there is an ABO or Rh incompatability; causes the new blood to be destroyed due to the patient's antibodies attaching to the antigens on the blood and destroying it 15 minutes - correct answer The onset of an acute hemolytic action is within ___ of beginning the transfusion 1: severe pain in kidney area and chest 2: increased temp (up to 105) 3: increased heart rate 4: sensation of heat/pain in vein 5: chills 6: low back pain 7: headache 8: nausea 9: chest/back pain 10: chest tightness 11: dyspnea 12: bronchospasm 13: anxiety 14: hypotension 15: vascular collapse 16: DIC 17: possible death - correct answer 17 signs and symptoms of an acute hemolytic reaction 1: identify patient and blood sample being taken 2: check blood after getting from blood bank to make sure if matches patient's info - correct answer 2 ways to prevent an acute hemolytic reaction 1: stop transfusion 2: remove blood from tubing 3: call doctor 4: monitor vitals every 15 minutes 5: give meds to correct BP and coagulopathy 6: insert foley 7: monitor I&O every hour 8: assess for shock 9: send unused portion of blood back to lab 10: get blood/urine samples to send to lab 11: document reaction - correct answer 11 interventions for an acute hemolytic reaction delayed hemolytic - correct answer a type of blood transfusion reaction in which there is an immune response against the ABO antigens of the blood and destruction by alloantibodies (not detected during cross matching) 2-14 days - correct answer The onset of a delayed hemolytic reaction is ___ to ___ 1: unexplained fever 2: unexplained decrease in H&H 3: increased bilirubin 4: jaundice - correct answer 4 signs and symptoms of a delayed hemolytic reaction carefully cross match donor and recipient blood - correct answer 1 way to prevent a delayed hemolytic reaction 1: monitor labs for anemia (low H&H) 2: notify doctor and blood bank 3: usually don't require treatment - correct answer 3 interventions for a delayed hemolytic reaction mild allergic reaction - correct answer a blood transfusion reaction caused by an allergy to a plasma protein in the blood during the transfusion up to 1 hour afterward - correct answer Onset of a mild allergic reaction is ___ to ____ 1: local erythema 2: urticaria (hives) 3: itching - correct answer 3 signs and symptoms of a mild allergic reaction antihistamines before blood transfusion - correct answer 1 way to prevent a mild allergic reaction 1: stop transfusion 2: notify doctor and blood bank 3: give antihistamines 4: restart if fever, dyspnea, and wheezing are not present 5: monitor and document vitals every 15 minutes - correct answer 5 interventions for a mild allergic reaction severe allergic reaction - correct answer a blood transfusion reaction in which there is an allergy to an antigen in the blood; the RBCs stick together and obstruct the capillaries 5-15 minutes - correct answer The onset of a severe allergic reaction is __ to __ minutes of starting the transfusion 1: coughing 2: nausea 3: vomiting 4: respiratory distress 5: wheezing 6: hypotension 7: loss of consciousness 8: possible cardiac arrest - correct answer 8 signs and symptoms of severe allergic reaction leukocytes; saline washed - correct answer To prevent a severe allergic reaction, give blood with ___ depleted or blood that is ___ 1: stop transfusion 2: give antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine, and antipyretics 3: take vitals until stable 4: notify doctor and blood bank 5: start CPR if necessary - correct answer 5 interventions for severe allergic reaction graft vs host - correct answer blood transfusion reaction when the lymphoctyes in the new blood are destroyed by the immune system, but the body also attacks its own lymphocytes days to weeks - correct answer The onset of graft vs host disease is __ to __ after the transfusion 1: skin rash 2: fever 3: jaundice (liver dysfunction) 4: bone marrow suppression - correct answer 4 signs and symptoms of graft vs host disease irradiated; leukocyte depleted - correct answer to prevent graft vs host disease, give ___ or ___ blood 1: give methotrexate 2: give corticosteroids - correct answer 2 interventions for graft vs host disease circulatory overload - correct answer when the blood transfusion is an excessive volume or is given at an excessively rapid rate; can lead to pulmonary edema anytime during or up to 1-2 hours after - correct answer the onset of circulatory overload is ___ or __ to __ hours after the transfusion 1: dyspnea 2: cough 3: crackles 4: tachypnea 5: headache 6: hypertension 7: tachycardia 8: CVP increased 9: JVD