PORTAGE LEARNING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NURS 231/BIOD 331 FINAL EXAM ALL
VERSIONS 2025/2026 NEWEST BANK
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT ANSWERS) /A+ GRADE ASSURED
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. You suspect that the
patient may have a kidney stone. What diagnostic test
would you run to confirm your diagnosis? -
....ANSWER...In addition to the urinalysis already run, a
CT scan would be needed to confirm your diagnosis and
determine the size of the stone.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
,lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan reveals that
they have a kidney stone. What type of kidney stone
would suspect they have? What about their current
presentation leads you to this conclusion? -
....ANSWER...The patient has a magnesium ammonium
phosphate stone given the elevated pH of their urine.
These types of stones are the result of a UTI caused by
bacteria that contain urease.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIS. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan reveals a renal
calculi that is 7 mm in diameter. What is the best
treatment plan for this patient? Explain your reasoning
for this treatment plan. - ....ANSWER...It must be
removed through ureteroscopic removal or extracorporeal
shockwave lithotripsy, as it is greater than 5 mm in
diameter. The patient should be placed on antibiotics to
treat the UTI, as well as medication for pain management.
,Eva, a 53 y/o female, has a chief complaint of constipation
after starting on a calcium supplement for osteopenia. If
constipation occurs as a change from a person's normal
bowel habits, and no new meds have been started, what
should you suspect? - ....ANSWER...Colorectal cancer
Jake is a 12 y/o male, who is brought in by his mom. He
complains of coughing fits when he plays sports and has to
catch his breath a lot. He also feels "tight" with breathing
when he's around cats and dogs. His mom is also allergic to
certain animals. Given the patient's presentation, what is
your initial diagnosis? - ....ANSWER...Asthma
If constipation occurs as a change from a person's normal
bowel habits, and no new meds have been started, what
should you suspect? - ....ANSWER...Colorectal cancer
Jake is a 12 y/o male, who is brought in by his mom. He
complains of coughing fits when he plays sports and has to
catch his breath a lot. He also feels "tight" with breathing
when he's around cats and dogs. His mom is also allergic to
, certain animals. You suspect Jake is asthmatic. What
about his current presentation leads you to this
conclusion? - ....ANSWER...Exercise-induced and/or
allergic asthma; coughing and chest tightness
T/F - Make true if False
Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the PNS. -
....ANSWER...False, Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in
the CNS
T/F - Make true if False
Astrocytes help to form the blood-brain barrier which
prevents toxins from the blood from entering the brain. -
....ANSWER...True
Chad, a 20 y/o male, presents with episodes of diarrhea
with mucus and rectal bleeding. A colonoscopy and biopsy
are done to confirm ulcerative colitis. How does this
disease differ from Crohn disease? - ....ANSWER...Crohns
disease has granulomatous inflammation, involvement
primarily submucosal, extent of involvement- skip lesions,
NURS 231/BIOD 331 FINAL EXAM ALL
VERSIONS 2025/2026 NEWEST BANK
COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT ANSWERS) /A+ GRADE ASSURED
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. You suspect that the
patient may have a kidney stone. What diagnostic test
would you run to confirm your diagnosis? -
....ANSWER...In addition to the urinalysis already run, a
CT scan would be needed to confirm your diagnosis and
determine the size of the stone.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
,lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan reveals that
they have a kidney stone. What type of kidney stone
would suspect they have? What about their current
presentation leads you to this conclusion? -
....ANSWER...The patient has a magnesium ammonium
phosphate stone given the elevated pH of their urine.
These types of stones are the result of a UTI caused by
bacteria that contain urease.
A patient presents to the emergency department with
complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper
lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy,
and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all
day long. They have a history of UTIS. Urinalysis reveals
that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan reveals a renal
calculi that is 7 mm in diameter. What is the best
treatment plan for this patient? Explain your reasoning
for this treatment plan. - ....ANSWER...It must be
removed through ureteroscopic removal or extracorporeal
shockwave lithotripsy, as it is greater than 5 mm in
diameter. The patient should be placed on antibiotics to
treat the UTI, as well as medication for pain management.
,Eva, a 53 y/o female, has a chief complaint of constipation
after starting on a calcium supplement for osteopenia. If
constipation occurs as a change from a person's normal
bowel habits, and no new meds have been started, what
should you suspect? - ....ANSWER...Colorectal cancer
Jake is a 12 y/o male, who is brought in by his mom. He
complains of coughing fits when he plays sports and has to
catch his breath a lot. He also feels "tight" with breathing
when he's around cats and dogs. His mom is also allergic to
certain animals. Given the patient's presentation, what is
your initial diagnosis? - ....ANSWER...Asthma
If constipation occurs as a change from a person's normal
bowel habits, and no new meds have been started, what
should you suspect? - ....ANSWER...Colorectal cancer
Jake is a 12 y/o male, who is brought in by his mom. He
complains of coughing fits when he plays sports and has to
catch his breath a lot. He also feels "tight" with breathing
when he's around cats and dogs. His mom is also allergic to
, certain animals. You suspect Jake is asthmatic. What
about his current presentation leads you to this
conclusion? - ....ANSWER...Exercise-induced and/or
allergic asthma; coughing and chest tightness
T/F - Make true if False
Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the PNS. -
....ANSWER...False, Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in
the CNS
T/F - Make true if False
Astrocytes help to form the blood-brain barrier which
prevents toxins from the blood from entering the brain. -
....ANSWER...True
Chad, a 20 y/o male, presents with episodes of diarrhea
with mucus and rectal bleeding. A colonoscopy and biopsy
are done to confirm ulcerative colitis. How does this
disease differ from Crohn disease? - ....ANSWER...Crohns
disease has granulomatous inflammation, involvement
primarily submucosal, extent of involvement- skip lesions,
