NAS 2 CHALLENGE END OF COURSE 2025/2026 ANSWERS
AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔What does interphase consist of? - ✔✔G1, S, G2
✔✔DNA replication occurs in - ✔✔S Phase
✔✔Processes that occur in Prophase - ✔✔-Nuclear membrane breaking down
-Centrosomes moving to opposite poles
-DNA condensing
✔✔A picture of what phase of meiosis would show chromosomes lined up double file in
the middle of the cell? - ✔✔Metaphase 1
✔✔Phases of Meiosis - ✔✔-Prophase 1
-Metaphase 1
-Anaphase 1
-Telophase 1
-Prophase II
-Metaphase II
-Anaphase II
-Telophase II
✔✔Meiosis II differs from Mitosis in what way? - ✔✔Meiosis II is basically the same as
Mitosis except that Meiosis II is working with haploid cells
✔✔Which term describes how chromosomes don't necessarily line up in a certain order-
Placement is random - ✔✔Independant Assortment
✔✔What does one inherit from parents? - ✔✔For each gene, one inherits one allele
from mom and one allele from dad
✔✔What is the term for two of the same alleles in a single gene and how could it be
written? - ✔✔If you have two of the same alleles for a single gene, your genotype is
homozygous, and could be written as AA or aa.
✔✔Genotype - ✔✔representation of the alleles you carry for a specific gene
✔✔Phenotype - ✔✔Physical manifestation of those alleles (appearance, behavior, etc)
✔✔Example: The GG and gg individuals (called the P generation) produced 12
offspring (called the F1 generation). If the F1 mate among themselves, they would
produce what's called F2 generation. - ✔✔*What genotype ratios should we see in the
F2 generation?
, -1 GG, 2 Gg, 1 gg
*What phenotype ratios should we see in the F2 generation?
-3 dominant, 1 recessive
✔✔Female sex chromosomes - ✔✔XX
✔✔Male sex chromosomes - ✔✔XY
✔✔What is nondisjunction? - ✔✔When chromosomes fail to separate during cell
division
✔✔If a mother undergoes nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes during anaphase 1 of
egg cell formation, but meiosis is normal in the father, what could the resulting embryos
genotypes be? - ✔✔XO, XXX, XXY, OY
✔✔Turner Syndrome - ✔✔Associated with having one X chromosome
✔✔Klinefelter Syndrome - ✔✔Associated with having an XXY genotype
✔✔Down Syndrome - ✔✔Three copies of chromosome 21
✔✔What does dehydration synthesis do? - ✔✔Link monomers into polymers
✔✔What does hydrolysis do? - ✔✔Break polymers into monomers
✔✔What is a single sugar molecule called? - ✔✔monosaccharide
✔✔What is glycogen? What is it mainly used for? - ✔✔Carbohydrate, storing/supplying
energy
✔✔Fatty Acid - ✔✔Molecule many lipids have as part of their structure
✔✔What is a triglyceride and what is it mainly used for? - ✔✔Lipid, storing/supplying
energy
✔✔What is the monomer of proteins? - ✔✔Amino acids
✔✔What best describes tertiary structure? - ✔✔Overall shape of one polypeptide
✔✔What does denatured mean? - ✔✔Changed enough to destroy its function
✔✔Compounds of amino acids - ✔✔-Central carbon
-Amino group (-NH2)
-Carboxyl group (-COOH)
AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔What does interphase consist of? - ✔✔G1, S, G2
✔✔DNA replication occurs in - ✔✔S Phase
✔✔Processes that occur in Prophase - ✔✔-Nuclear membrane breaking down
-Centrosomes moving to opposite poles
-DNA condensing
✔✔A picture of what phase of meiosis would show chromosomes lined up double file in
the middle of the cell? - ✔✔Metaphase 1
✔✔Phases of Meiosis - ✔✔-Prophase 1
-Metaphase 1
-Anaphase 1
-Telophase 1
-Prophase II
-Metaphase II
-Anaphase II
-Telophase II
✔✔Meiosis II differs from Mitosis in what way? - ✔✔Meiosis II is basically the same as
Mitosis except that Meiosis II is working with haploid cells
✔✔Which term describes how chromosomes don't necessarily line up in a certain order-
Placement is random - ✔✔Independant Assortment
✔✔What does one inherit from parents? - ✔✔For each gene, one inherits one allele
from mom and one allele from dad
✔✔What is the term for two of the same alleles in a single gene and how could it be
written? - ✔✔If you have two of the same alleles for a single gene, your genotype is
homozygous, and could be written as AA or aa.
✔✔Genotype - ✔✔representation of the alleles you carry for a specific gene
✔✔Phenotype - ✔✔Physical manifestation of those alleles (appearance, behavior, etc)
✔✔Example: The GG and gg individuals (called the P generation) produced 12
offspring (called the F1 generation). If the F1 mate among themselves, they would
produce what's called F2 generation. - ✔✔*What genotype ratios should we see in the
F2 generation?
, -1 GG, 2 Gg, 1 gg
*What phenotype ratios should we see in the F2 generation?
-3 dominant, 1 recessive
✔✔Female sex chromosomes - ✔✔XX
✔✔Male sex chromosomes - ✔✔XY
✔✔What is nondisjunction? - ✔✔When chromosomes fail to separate during cell
division
✔✔If a mother undergoes nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes during anaphase 1 of
egg cell formation, but meiosis is normal in the father, what could the resulting embryos
genotypes be? - ✔✔XO, XXX, XXY, OY
✔✔Turner Syndrome - ✔✔Associated with having one X chromosome
✔✔Klinefelter Syndrome - ✔✔Associated with having an XXY genotype
✔✔Down Syndrome - ✔✔Three copies of chromosome 21
✔✔What does dehydration synthesis do? - ✔✔Link monomers into polymers
✔✔What does hydrolysis do? - ✔✔Break polymers into monomers
✔✔What is a single sugar molecule called? - ✔✔monosaccharide
✔✔What is glycogen? What is it mainly used for? - ✔✔Carbohydrate, storing/supplying
energy
✔✔Fatty Acid - ✔✔Molecule many lipids have as part of their structure
✔✔What is a triglyceride and what is it mainly used for? - ✔✔Lipid, storing/supplying
energy
✔✔What is the monomer of proteins? - ✔✔Amino acids
✔✔What best describes tertiary structure? - ✔✔Overall shape of one polypeptide
✔✔What does denatured mean? - ✔✔Changed enough to destroy its function
✔✔Compounds of amino acids - ✔✔-Central carbon
-Amino group (-NH2)
-Carboxyl group (-COOH)
