CHEMOTHERAPY CERTIFICATION TEST PAPER 2025/2026
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔IV access selection - ✔✔determine dration of treatment- for peripheral access, small
gauge plastic cannula is more suitable. alternative IV site from one arm to the other to
preserve the veins
-CVADs
- cool compress for 24-48 hours then warm compress, hydrocorisone cream, elevate,
pat dont rub, pain meds. check area for skin color canges, pain
PORT: should get a blood return
✔✔venous irritation - ✔✔low pH, blood return may be present
✔✔lesson 9: plant alkaloids - ✔✔-etoposide, docetaxel, paclitaxel, vinblastine,
vinorelbine
vinca alkaloids given IV and should never be given intrathecal
Paclitaxel: shoud be stored in glass - through in line filter
Cabazitaxel: use in line filter
Nap paclitaxel: premeds not required
✔✔extravasation of plant alkaloids - ✔✔topotecan and etoposside- irritants
-vinorelbine and irinotecan: irritants with vesicant properites: discoloration of sin, rash,
phlebitis, urticaria, blistering, skin sloughing
✔✔lesson 10: biotherapy - ✔✔treatment that uses substances made from living
organisms to treat disease - stim or suppress the immune system to help fight cancer,
infection and diseases. some attack specific cancer cells which keep them from growing
targeted therapy: uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells
GOALS: disease cure, improve response or increase disease survival, control or
stabilize disease, mtainain or enhance live
CATEGORIES: cytokines, monoclonal antibodies (conjugated and unconjugated), small
molecule inhibitors, antibody durg conjugates, vaccines
✔✔Biotherapy terms - ✔✔receptor: molecule in surgace that binds to a specific
substance causing effect in that ell
-monomer- molecule that can join with others to form a larger structure called a polymer
-ligand: forms a complex with another to exert a biological effect
, -ligand binding: attaches to receptor site and activates that receptor
-dimerization: signals
-kinase: adds chemicals to other molecules, causing other molecules to becomes active
or inactive
-phosphorylation: activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
-signaling pathways: group of molecules that work together to control a cell function
✔✔Targeted Therapies - ✔✔extracellular: target receptors on the outside of the cell
-intracellular: target and interfere with processes inside the cell
attack many different targets - block angiogensis, block signals in or outside of the body,
deliver toxic substances to the cell, stimulate the body's immune system
Include: hormone therapies, signal transduction inhibitors, apoptosis inducers,
angiogenesis inhibitors, immunotherapies
HORMONE THERAPY: adds, blocks, or removes hormones from the body to help slow
the growth of cancer cellls
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION INHIBITOR: block signal transduction
MONOCLONAL ANTIDOES: end in mab- rituximab, panitumab
✔✔SMALL MOLECULES - ✔✔located in the cell because these agents enter more
easily
-get into the cell, interfere with the internal components and disrupt the function, causing
cell death
tyroisine kinase inhibitors: end in tinib: oral agents. be aware of adherence and
interactions
-erlotinib, sunitinib, ponatinib, imatinib, dasatinib, ibrutinib
kinase inhibitors: oral agents
hedgehog pathway inhibitors: controls cell division of adult stem cells and cell
differentiation. oral agents. be aware of adherence and interactions
✔✔IMMUNOTHERAPIES - ✔✔trigger immune system to destroy cancer cells- make
cell visible for immune system to destroy
-others help boost the immune systems ability to fight cancer.
include: monoclonal, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, non specific
immunotherapies, adoptive cell therapy, oncolytic virus therapy
✔✔monoclonal antibodies - ✔✔man made versions of immune system proteins, used to
treat cancer because they are designed to attack a part of a cancer cell
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔IV access selection - ✔✔determine dration of treatment- for peripheral access, small
gauge plastic cannula is more suitable. alternative IV site from one arm to the other to
preserve the veins
-CVADs
- cool compress for 24-48 hours then warm compress, hydrocorisone cream, elevate,
pat dont rub, pain meds. check area for skin color canges, pain
PORT: should get a blood return
✔✔venous irritation - ✔✔low pH, blood return may be present
✔✔lesson 9: plant alkaloids - ✔✔-etoposide, docetaxel, paclitaxel, vinblastine,
vinorelbine
vinca alkaloids given IV and should never be given intrathecal
Paclitaxel: shoud be stored in glass - through in line filter
Cabazitaxel: use in line filter
Nap paclitaxel: premeds not required
✔✔extravasation of plant alkaloids - ✔✔topotecan and etoposside- irritants
-vinorelbine and irinotecan: irritants with vesicant properites: discoloration of sin, rash,
phlebitis, urticaria, blistering, skin sloughing
✔✔lesson 10: biotherapy - ✔✔treatment that uses substances made from living
organisms to treat disease - stim or suppress the immune system to help fight cancer,
infection and diseases. some attack specific cancer cells which keep them from growing
targeted therapy: uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells
GOALS: disease cure, improve response or increase disease survival, control or
stabilize disease, mtainain or enhance live
CATEGORIES: cytokines, monoclonal antibodies (conjugated and unconjugated), small
molecule inhibitors, antibody durg conjugates, vaccines
✔✔Biotherapy terms - ✔✔receptor: molecule in surgace that binds to a specific
substance causing effect in that ell
-monomer- molecule that can join with others to form a larger structure called a polymer
-ligand: forms a complex with another to exert a biological effect
, -ligand binding: attaches to receptor site and activates that receptor
-dimerization: signals
-kinase: adds chemicals to other molecules, causing other molecules to becomes active
or inactive
-phosphorylation: activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
-signaling pathways: group of molecules that work together to control a cell function
✔✔Targeted Therapies - ✔✔extracellular: target receptors on the outside of the cell
-intracellular: target and interfere with processes inside the cell
attack many different targets - block angiogensis, block signals in or outside of the body,
deliver toxic substances to the cell, stimulate the body's immune system
Include: hormone therapies, signal transduction inhibitors, apoptosis inducers,
angiogenesis inhibitors, immunotherapies
HORMONE THERAPY: adds, blocks, or removes hormones from the body to help slow
the growth of cancer cellls
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION INHIBITOR: block signal transduction
MONOCLONAL ANTIDOES: end in mab- rituximab, panitumab
✔✔SMALL MOLECULES - ✔✔located in the cell because these agents enter more
easily
-get into the cell, interfere with the internal components and disrupt the function, causing
cell death
tyroisine kinase inhibitors: end in tinib: oral agents. be aware of adherence and
interactions
-erlotinib, sunitinib, ponatinib, imatinib, dasatinib, ibrutinib
kinase inhibitors: oral agents
hedgehog pathway inhibitors: controls cell division of adult stem cells and cell
differentiation. oral agents. be aware of adherence and interactions
✔✔IMMUNOTHERAPIES - ✔✔trigger immune system to destroy cancer cells- make
cell visible for immune system to destroy
-others help boost the immune systems ability to fight cancer.
include: monoclonal, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, non specific
immunotherapies, adoptive cell therapy, oncolytic virus therapy
✔✔monoclonal antibodies - ✔✔man made versions of immune system proteins, used to
treat cancer because they are designed to attack a part of a cancer cell
