Understanding Pathophysiology Test Bank | 7th Edition Huether & McCance | NCLEX & Exam Prep Questions with Answers

U Understanding Pathophysiology 7th edition by Huether, McCance Test
Bank

Chapter 1. Cellular Biology n n n




MULTIPLE CHOICE n




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA wit
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h histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus n




c. Free-floating nuclear material n n




d. No organelles n




ANS: B n




The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus;
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thus, the nucleus should be observed.
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A single circular chromosome is characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which do not have histones.
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Free-
floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleus.
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Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded cellular components called organelles. No organelles de
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scribes a prokaryotic cell. n n n




2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse de
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scribing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
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a. Metabolic absorption n




b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

,ANS: D n




The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cells function of respiration.
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The ability of the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function of communication.
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The ability of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cells function of metabolic absorption.
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The ability of the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refers to the cells functio
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n of secretion.
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3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
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n genetic information be contained?
n n n




a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus


ANS: C n




The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid,
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most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus.
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The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration.
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The ribosomes are involved in manufacturing of proteins within the cell.
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The nucleus contains the nucleolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains genetic material.
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4. The fluid mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior. According to th
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is model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid lipid bilayer?
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a. Peripheral membrane proteins n n




b. Integral membrane proteins n n

, c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
n n




ANS: B n




Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer.
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Peripheral membrane proteins are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. Glycoprotei
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ns act as cell surface markers.
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Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to hook together.
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5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
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a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids n




d. Ligands


ANS: D n




Ligands are specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. Oxygen
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moves by diffusion; it does not bind to receptors.
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Ribosomes make proteins and are not involved in binding.
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Amphipathic lipids are a portion of the cell membrane. n n n n n n n n




6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What finding would su
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pport the diagnosis of metastatic cancer? Alterations in extracellular matrix that include:
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a. Decreased fibronectin n




b. Increased collagen n




c. Decreased elastin n

, d. Increased glycoproteins n




ANS: A n




Reduced amounts of fibronectin are found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing cancer cells t
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o travel, or metastasize.
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Collagen provides strength, and its breakdown is associated with osteoarthritis, not cancer.
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Elastin is found in the lungs and allows tissues to stretch; it is not associated with cancerous cells.
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Decreased, not increased, glycoproteins are associated with cancerous cells.
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7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
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a. Cell junction n




b. Gap junction n




c. Desmosomes
d. Tight junctions n




ANS: A n




Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
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Gap junctions allow communication from the inside of one cell to the inside of another. Desmoso
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mes are not involved in communication, but allow cells to hold together.
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Tight junctions are barriers that prevent movement of some substances and leakages of others.
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8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring al
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pha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
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a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine