POS 2041 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
public policy - Answers :Choice that government makes in response to a political issue.
A policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem
egalitarianism - Answers :Trend of thought that favors equality for all people
government - Answers :The institutions and processes through which public policies are
made for a society
political culture - Answers :An overall set of value widely shared within a society
Articles of Confederation - Answers :It was the first document to govern the United
States, ratified in 1781. It created a confederation among the 13 states and former
colonies. Congress had few powers; there was no president or national court system.
All government power rested in the states.
US Constitution - Answers :The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets
forth the institutional structure of US government and the tasks these institutions
perform. It replaced the Articles of Confederation.
consent of the governed - Answers :The idea that government derives its authority by
sanction of the people
Madison's source of factions - Answers :Madison feared factions of the majority and the
minority because either could take control of the government and use it to their own
advantage
cooperative federalism - Answers :A system of government in which powers and policy
assignments are shared between states and the national government.
dual federalism - Answers :A system of government in which both the states and the
national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for
some policies.
fiscal federalism - Answers :The pattern of spending, taxing,and providing grants in the
federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state
and local governments
enumerated powers - Answers :Powers of the federal government that are specifically
addressed in the Constitution, including, for Congress, the powers in Article I, Section 8,
for example, to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes.
, First Amendment - Answers :Freedom of speech, press, and assembly. Freedom to
petition government. No government establishment of religion. Freedom to exercise
religion.
Second Amendment - Answers :Right to bear arms.
Third Amendment - Answers :No forced quartering of troops in homes during
peacetime.
Fourth Amendment - Answers :No unreasonable searches and seizures.
Fifth Amendment - Answers :Grand jury indictment required for prosecution of serious
crime. No second prosecution for the same offense. No compulsion to testify against
oneself.
Sixth Amendment - Answers :No loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of
law.
Seventh Amendment - Answers :Right to jury trial in civil suit where the value of
controversy exceeds $20.
Eight Amendment - Answers :No excessive bail or fines. No cruel and unusual
punishments.
Ninth Amendment - Answers :Unlisted rights are not necessarily denied.
Tenth Amendment - Answers :Powers not delegated to the national government or
denied to the states are reserved for the states or the people.
civil liberties - Answers :The legal constitutional protections against government.
Although are civil liberties are formally set down in the Bill of Rights, the courts, police,
and legislature define their meaning.
civil rights - Answers :Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or
discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.
exclusionary rule - Answers :The rule that evidence cannot be introduced into a trial if it
was not constitutionally obtained. The rule prohibits use of evidence obtained through
unreasonable search and seizure.
suffrage - Answers :The legal right to vote, extended to African Americans by the
Fifteenth Amendment, to women by the Nineteenth Amendment, and to people over the
age of 18 by the Twenty-sixth Amendment
demographics - Answers :White 66%
Hispanics 15%
public policy - Answers :Choice that government makes in response to a political issue.
A policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem
egalitarianism - Answers :Trend of thought that favors equality for all people
government - Answers :The institutions and processes through which public policies are
made for a society
political culture - Answers :An overall set of value widely shared within a society
Articles of Confederation - Answers :It was the first document to govern the United
States, ratified in 1781. It created a confederation among the 13 states and former
colonies. Congress had few powers; there was no president or national court system.
All government power rested in the states.
US Constitution - Answers :The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets
forth the institutional structure of US government and the tasks these institutions
perform. It replaced the Articles of Confederation.
consent of the governed - Answers :The idea that government derives its authority by
sanction of the people
Madison's source of factions - Answers :Madison feared factions of the majority and the
minority because either could take control of the government and use it to their own
advantage
cooperative federalism - Answers :A system of government in which powers and policy
assignments are shared between states and the national government.
dual federalism - Answers :A system of government in which both the states and the
national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for
some policies.
fiscal federalism - Answers :The pattern of spending, taxing,and providing grants in the
federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state
and local governments
enumerated powers - Answers :Powers of the federal government that are specifically
addressed in the Constitution, including, for Congress, the powers in Article I, Section 8,
for example, to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes.
, First Amendment - Answers :Freedom of speech, press, and assembly. Freedom to
petition government. No government establishment of religion. Freedom to exercise
religion.
Second Amendment - Answers :Right to bear arms.
Third Amendment - Answers :No forced quartering of troops in homes during
peacetime.
Fourth Amendment - Answers :No unreasonable searches and seizures.
Fifth Amendment - Answers :Grand jury indictment required for prosecution of serious
crime. No second prosecution for the same offense. No compulsion to testify against
oneself.
Sixth Amendment - Answers :No loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of
law.
Seventh Amendment - Answers :Right to jury trial in civil suit where the value of
controversy exceeds $20.
Eight Amendment - Answers :No excessive bail or fines. No cruel and unusual
punishments.
Ninth Amendment - Answers :Unlisted rights are not necessarily denied.
Tenth Amendment - Answers :Powers not delegated to the national government or
denied to the states are reserved for the states or the people.
civil liberties - Answers :The legal constitutional protections against government.
Although are civil liberties are formally set down in the Bill of Rights, the courts, police,
and legislature define their meaning.
civil rights - Answers :Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or
discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.
exclusionary rule - Answers :The rule that evidence cannot be introduced into a trial if it
was not constitutionally obtained. The rule prohibits use of evidence obtained through
unreasonable search and seizure.
suffrage - Answers :The legal right to vote, extended to African Americans by the
Fifteenth Amendment, to women by the Nineteenth Amendment, and to people over the
age of 18 by the Twenty-sixth Amendment
demographics - Answers :White 66%
Hispanics 15%
