2025 NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 ACTUAL
EXAM TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+
GRADED 100% VERIFIED) 2025 LATEST!!
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by -
ANSWER✔✔-*acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in -
ANSWER✔✔-*the activation of protein kinases, which in
turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump
Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of - ANSWER✔✔-histamine
receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and
somatostatin diminish - ANSWER✔✔-gastric acid production
Antacids - ANSWER✔✔-weak bases that react with gastric acid to
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 1
,Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-neutralizing capacity, sodium content,
palatability, and price
Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its capacity to neutralize gastric HCl
and on whether the stomach is full or empty
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time for the antacid to react
Therapeutic uses of antacids - ANSWER✔✔-• Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer
disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis
Commonly used antacid drugs - ANSWER✔✔-Classes
• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 2
,• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel; Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
• Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of Magnesia
• Combination products
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
(Gaviscon)
Adverse effects of antacids - ANSWER✔✔-• Aluminum hydroxide tends to be
constipating
• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing antacids → hypophosphatemia
• Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence, potential for systemic alkalosis
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in pts w/ HTN or CHF
• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/ calcium foods → hypercalcemia
Mucosal Protective Agents - ANSWER✔✔-Cytoprotective compounds
Sucralfate
Bismuth Compounds
Cytoprotective Compounds - ANSWER✔✔-enhance mucosal protection
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 3
, mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓ inflammation, promotes healing of
existing ulcers
Sucralfate - ANSWER✔✔-complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured tissue, forms physical barrier coating
over ulcer bed- impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of mucus by pepsin
and acid
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓ recurrence rate
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and bicarbonate output
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-term maintenance therapy to
prevent recurrence
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be administered with H2 antagonists
or antacids
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well tolerated
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by binding to them
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
Bismuth Compounds - ANSWER✔✔-• Coats ulcers → protective layer against acid and
pepsin
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 4
EXAM TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+
GRADED 100% VERIFIED) 2025 LATEST!!
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by -
ANSWER✔✔-*acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in -
ANSWER✔✔-*the activation of protein kinases, which in
turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump
Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of - ANSWER✔✔-histamine
receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and
somatostatin diminish - ANSWER✔✔-gastric acid production
Antacids - ANSWER✔✔-weak bases that react with gastric acid to
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 1
,Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-neutralizing capacity, sodium content,
palatability, and price
Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its capacity to neutralize gastric HCl
and on whether the stomach is full or empty
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time for the antacid to react
Therapeutic uses of antacids - ANSWER✔✔-• Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer
disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis
Commonly used antacid drugs - ANSWER✔✔-Classes
• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 2
,• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel; Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
• Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of Magnesia
• Combination products
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
(Gaviscon)
Adverse effects of antacids - ANSWER✔✔-• Aluminum hydroxide tends to be
constipating
• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing antacids → hypophosphatemia
• Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence, potential for systemic alkalosis
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in pts w/ HTN or CHF
• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/ calcium foods → hypercalcemia
Mucosal Protective Agents - ANSWER✔✔-Cytoprotective compounds
Sucralfate
Bismuth Compounds
Cytoprotective Compounds - ANSWER✔✔-enhance mucosal protection
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 3
, mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓ inflammation, promotes healing of
existing ulcers
Sucralfate - ANSWER✔✔-complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured tissue, forms physical barrier coating
over ulcer bed- impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of mucus by pepsin
and acid
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓ recurrence rate
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and bicarbonate output
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-term maintenance therapy to
prevent recurrence
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be administered with H2 antagonists
or antacids
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well tolerated
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by binding to them
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
Bismuth Compounds - ANSWER✔✔-• Coats ulcers → protective layer against acid and
pepsin
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 4
