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Exam (elaborations)

Instrumental Analysis – Chapter 5 Questions with Verified Answers – Signal Processing, Noise Reduction, and Data Filtering Techniques

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This document provides a comprehensive collection of verified questions and answers from Chapter 5 of an Instrumental Analysis course, focused on noise types, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and methods for improving data quality. Topics include thermal noise, shot noise, flicker noise, environmental noise, signal modulation, boxcar averaging, filtering (low pass, high pass), Fourier transform, and grounding/shielding strategies. It also explains digital and analog signal treatment, instrumentation components, and the mathematical principles behind S/N optimization, making it ideal for both theoretical understanding and practical application.

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Institution
Instrumental Analysis
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Instrumental Analysis

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Uploaded on
June 6, 2025
Number of pages
18
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
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Questions & answers

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Instrumental Analysis Chapter 5 questions with verified
answers
A common application for this type of filter Ans✓✓✓ N M R


A composite of noise from the surroundings Ans✓✓✓ environmental
noise


A device that is used to change electric current in a circuit Ans✓✓✓
transistor


A digital procedure that is used to smooth out noise, enhancing the
signal to noise ratio Ans✓✓✓ boxcar averaging


A low pass filter reduces high frequency noise, but it has to be used
carefully because it can also Ans✓✓✓ damage signal


A tangent line is used to Ans✓✓✓ smooth the data


A way of getting rid of drift or flicker noise in an instrument Ans✓✓✓
modulation


An example of this is in Ans✓✓✓ p n doped semiconductors

,And delta f is the Ans✓✓✓ frequency bandwidth in hertz


Boxcar averaging assumes that the average of several adjacent points is
a better representative than Ans✓✓✓ any single point


Boxcar averaging averages or smooths data Ans✓✓✓ linearly in a
curve


But often it is Ans✓✓✓ more complex
difficult to predict


Can be used to block a a low frequency analog flicker noise Ans✓✓✓ a
high pass filter


Carries the information about the analyte that is of interest to the
scientist. Ans✓✓✓ signal


Chemical noise arises from a host of uncontrollable variables that affect
the _______________ of the system being analyzed Ans✓✓✓
chemistry


Computer methods to reduce noise Ans✓✓✓ title

, Data from repeated measurements can be stored in Ans✓✓✓ the
computer's memory


delta f is the _________________ of the circuits in the instrument
Ans✓✓✓ response time


Delta f is the Ans✓✓✓ bandwidth of frequencies


Different sources of environmental noise occur at different Ans✓✓✓
frequencies


Downsides of boxcar averaging Ans✓✓✓ some detail is lost in the
process
not good for rapidly changing signals


e is the Ans✓✓✓ charge on the electron 1.60 times 10 to the negative
19 coulombs


Environmental E M radiation can't penetrate the conductor where it
gets Ans✓✓✓ absorbed


Every wire in your instrument can act like an Ans✓✓✓ antenna


Examples of environmental noise Ans✓✓✓ all electromagnetic waves

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