APEA – PHARM CARDIOVASCULAR NEWEST
EXAM 2025 WITH MULTIPLE CHOICE OF
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ AND 100%
GUARANTEE PASS (JUST RELEASED!!!!!)
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil)
may be safely used in patients with:
heart failure.
bradycardia.
second-degree AV block.
chronic stable angina. - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic stable angina.
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCB; i.e. verapamil
[Calan] and diltiazem [Cardizem]) have negative chronotropic
and inotropic effects. Therefore, they slow down heart rate and
decrease force of ventricular contractions. Non-DHP CCBs are
contraindicated in patients with heart failure who have reduced
ejection fraction, sick sinus syndrome, and second- or third-
degree atrioventricular block. Since non-DHP CCBs increase
myocardial blood flow by dilating coronary arteries, they are
beneficial in patients with chronic stable angina.
,Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be
advised to report:
bladder spasms and dysuria.
constipation and weakness.
diarrhea and weight loss.
metallic taste and easy bruising. - CORRECT ANSWER-diarrhea and
weight loss.
Patients should be advised to report persistent chronic diarrhea
and weight loss while taking olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar).
This drug can produce a sprue-like enteropathy characterized
by severe chronic diarrhea and weight loss occurring months to
years after initiation of the drug. Benicar is an angiotensin
receptor blocker (ARB). Once other etiologies have been
excluded, discontinue Benicar and consider an alternative
hypertension treatment.
The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers
blood pressure by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is:
amlodipine (Norvasc).
losartan (Cozaar).
enalapril (Vasotec).
metoprolol (Lopressor). - CORRECT ANSWER-enalapril (Vasotec).
Amlodipine (Norvasc) is a calcium channel blocker, losartan
(Cozaar) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, and metoprolol
(Lopressor) is a beta-blocker.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa), an anticoagulant, is also classified as a:
, direct factor Xa inhibitor.
direct thrombin inhibitor.
indirect thrombin inhibitor.
factor V inhibitor. - CORRECT ANSWER-direct thrombin inhibitor.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) is a direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI).
Medications in this class inactivate circulating and clotting
thrombin (factor IIa). They prevent thrombin (central to the
generation of a thrombus) from attaching fibrinogen to fibrin.
Key advantages of using DTIs instead of heparin is that they:
produce a more predictable anticoagulant effect due to their
lack of binding to other plasma proteins; exert an antiplatelet
effect; and do not cause immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.
Loop diuretics such as bumetanide (Bumex):
produce a large volume of diuresis even at very low doses.
are more commonly used in patients with a decreased
glomerular filtration rate.
reduce blood pressure as effectively as thiazide diuretics when
used as monotherapy.
can be safely administered to patients who have sulfonamide
agent allergies. - CORRECT ANSWER-are more commonly used in
patients with a decreased glomerular filtration rate.
Loop diuretics are commonly used to control volume retention
and are more commonly prescribed for patients with decreased
glomerular filtration rate or heart failure. Loop diuretics do not
reduce blood pressure as effectively as thiazide diuretics when
EXAM 2025 WITH MULTIPLE CHOICE OF
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ AND 100%
GUARANTEE PASS (JUST RELEASED!!!!!)
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil)
may be safely used in patients with:
heart failure.
bradycardia.
second-degree AV block.
chronic stable angina. - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic stable angina.
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCB; i.e. verapamil
[Calan] and diltiazem [Cardizem]) have negative chronotropic
and inotropic effects. Therefore, they slow down heart rate and
decrease force of ventricular contractions. Non-DHP CCBs are
contraindicated in patients with heart failure who have reduced
ejection fraction, sick sinus syndrome, and second- or third-
degree atrioventricular block. Since non-DHP CCBs increase
myocardial blood flow by dilating coronary arteries, they are
beneficial in patients with chronic stable angina.
,Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be
advised to report:
bladder spasms and dysuria.
constipation and weakness.
diarrhea and weight loss.
metallic taste and easy bruising. - CORRECT ANSWER-diarrhea and
weight loss.
Patients should be advised to report persistent chronic diarrhea
and weight loss while taking olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar).
This drug can produce a sprue-like enteropathy characterized
by severe chronic diarrhea and weight loss occurring months to
years after initiation of the drug. Benicar is an angiotensin
receptor blocker (ARB). Once other etiologies have been
excluded, discontinue Benicar and consider an alternative
hypertension treatment.
The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers
blood pressure by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is:
amlodipine (Norvasc).
losartan (Cozaar).
enalapril (Vasotec).
metoprolol (Lopressor). - CORRECT ANSWER-enalapril (Vasotec).
Amlodipine (Norvasc) is a calcium channel blocker, losartan
(Cozaar) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, and metoprolol
(Lopressor) is a beta-blocker.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa), an anticoagulant, is also classified as a:
, direct factor Xa inhibitor.
direct thrombin inhibitor.
indirect thrombin inhibitor.
factor V inhibitor. - CORRECT ANSWER-direct thrombin inhibitor.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) is a direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI).
Medications in this class inactivate circulating and clotting
thrombin (factor IIa). They prevent thrombin (central to the
generation of a thrombus) from attaching fibrinogen to fibrin.
Key advantages of using DTIs instead of heparin is that they:
produce a more predictable anticoagulant effect due to their
lack of binding to other plasma proteins; exert an antiplatelet
effect; and do not cause immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.
Loop diuretics such as bumetanide (Bumex):
produce a large volume of diuresis even at very low doses.
are more commonly used in patients with a decreased
glomerular filtration rate.
reduce blood pressure as effectively as thiazide diuretics when
used as monotherapy.
can be safely administered to patients who have sulfonamide
agent allergies. - CORRECT ANSWER-are more commonly used in
patients with a decreased glomerular filtration rate.
Loop diuretics are commonly used to control volume retention
and are more commonly prescribed for patients with decreased
glomerular filtration rate or heart failure. Loop diuretics do not
reduce blood pressure as effectively as thiazide diuretics when
