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RIO BIO 156 Exam 1 2025 | Certified Exam
Questions With Correct Solutions
Describe the major kinds of microscopes and explain their main use. - Correct-
answer-Light microscope uses light to pass through the image onto magnifying
lenses.
Scanning electron microscope scans the outside of cell surfaces.
Transmission electron microscope can magnify the internal cellular structures.
Describe how the relationship between the surface area of a cell and its volume
changes as the cell increases in size. - Correct-answer-A cell's surface area
increases with the square of its diameter, while its volume increases with the
cube. This surface- to-volume ratio limits cell size and influences cell shape.
Explain two reasons why smaller cells are biologically more efficient than larger
cells. - Correct-answer-The rate of exchange across a plasma membrane depends
on its surface area: The bigger it is, the more substances can cross it during a
given interval.
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Describe the eukaryotic nucleus - Correct-answer-Keeps DNA separated from
cytoplasm; makes ribosome subunits; controls access to DNA
Identify the unique features of a prokaryotic cell - Correct-answer-cytoplasm with
ribosome
dna
plasma membrane
cell wall
capsule
pilus
bacterial flagellum
Vesicles - Correct-answer-membrane-enclosed sacs that often form by budding
from other components of the endomembrane system. Many transport
substances among organelles of the ER, and to and from the plasma membrane.
Other vesicles store or break down substances.
Rough ER - Correct-answer-Ribosomes attached to
the rough ER use RNA in
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the cytoplasm to make polypeptides. The newly synthesized polypeptide chains
enter rough ER, where they take on tertiary structure and assemble with other
polypeptide chains.
Smooth ER - Correct-answer-Proteins migrate through the interior of the rough
ER, and end up in the smooth ER. Some stay in smooth ER, as enzymes that
assemble lipids and break down carbohydrates, wastes, and toxins. Other
proteins
are packaged in vesicles for transport to Golgi bodies.
Golgi Body - Correct-answer-Proteins and lipids arriving in vesicles are modified
into final form, sorted, and repackaged into new vesicles. Some of these vesicles
ferry proteins to the plasma membrane for secretion or insertion into the lipid
bilayer. Others become lysosomes.
Describe the function of chloroplasts - Correct-answer-Site of photosynthesis
Describe the function of mitochondria - Correct-answer-Energy powerhouse;
produces many ATP by aerobic respiration
RIO BIO 156 Exam 1 2025 | Certified Exam
Questions With Correct Solutions
Describe the major kinds of microscopes and explain their main use. - Correct-
answer-Light microscope uses light to pass through the image onto magnifying
lenses.
Scanning electron microscope scans the outside of cell surfaces.
Transmission electron microscope can magnify the internal cellular structures.
Describe how the relationship between the surface area of a cell and its volume
changes as the cell increases in size. - Correct-answer-A cell's surface area
increases with the square of its diameter, while its volume increases with the
cube. This surface- to-volume ratio limits cell size and influences cell shape.
Explain two reasons why smaller cells are biologically more efficient than larger
cells. - Correct-answer-The rate of exchange across a plasma membrane depends
on its surface area: The bigger it is, the more substances can cross it during a
given interval.
,2|Page
Describe the eukaryotic nucleus - Correct-answer-Keeps DNA separated from
cytoplasm; makes ribosome subunits; controls access to DNA
Identify the unique features of a prokaryotic cell - Correct-answer-cytoplasm with
ribosome
dna
plasma membrane
cell wall
capsule
pilus
bacterial flagellum
Vesicles - Correct-answer-membrane-enclosed sacs that often form by budding
from other components of the endomembrane system. Many transport
substances among organelles of the ER, and to and from the plasma membrane.
Other vesicles store or break down substances.
Rough ER - Correct-answer-Ribosomes attached to
the rough ER use RNA in
, 3|Page
the cytoplasm to make polypeptides. The newly synthesized polypeptide chains
enter rough ER, where they take on tertiary structure and assemble with other
polypeptide chains.
Smooth ER - Correct-answer-Proteins migrate through the interior of the rough
ER, and end up in the smooth ER. Some stay in smooth ER, as enzymes that
assemble lipids and break down carbohydrates, wastes, and toxins. Other
proteins
are packaged in vesicles for transport to Golgi bodies.
Golgi Body - Correct-answer-Proteins and lipids arriving in vesicles are modified
into final form, sorted, and repackaged into new vesicles. Some of these vesicles
ferry proteins to the plasma membrane for secretion or insertion into the lipid
bilayer. Others become lysosomes.
Describe the function of chloroplasts - Correct-answer-Site of photosynthesis
Describe the function of mitochondria - Correct-answer-Energy powerhouse;
produces many ATP by aerobic respiration
