MCCN SDAP X - Pharmacology Final
questions well answered to pass
Penicillin - correct answer ✔✔*Common names:* (-illin)
*Indications for use:* Prevention and treatment of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria
*Mechanism of action:* Bactericidal
*Major side effects:* Urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, N/V, *overgrowth of C Diff (eat yogurt)*,
hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, *coagulation abnormalities*
*Precautions/Contraindications:* Known drug allergies, if allergic to penicillin most likely allergic
to cephalosporins.
*Interactions:* NSAIDs, Oral Contraceptives, Warfarin
Triptan*s* - correct answer ✔✔*Common names:* (-triptan)
*Indications for use:* Migraines
*Mechanism of action:* serotonin agonist, causes vasoconstriction
*Major side effects:* (due to vasoconstriction) tingling, flushing, blood leaving periphery,
congestion, dizziness, nausea, myalgia
*Contraindications:* Serious cardiovascular disease
*Interactions:* other drugs that increase serotonin (and consequently vasoconstriction), namely
ergo alkaloids
Vasodilators - correct answer ✔✔*Common names:* Diazoxide, hydralazine, minoxidil,
nitroprusside
*Indications for use:* Hypertension
*Mechanism of action:* Peripheral vasodilation
*Major side effects:* (due to vasodilation) dizziness, orthostatic HYPOtension, edema,
headache, dyspnea
,*Precautions/Contraindications:* HYPOtension, cerebral edema, coronary artery disease
*Interactions:* Any other anti-hypertensive or adrenergic drugs
Anti-Platelets - correct answer ✔✔Aspirin and clopidogrel bisulfate: Prevent stroke, MI and
vascular death
Aspirin - correct answer ✔✔*Mechanism:* prevents blood vessel occlusion and platelet
aggregation
*Adverse effects:* possibility of Reyes' Syndrome if given to children with flu-like symptoms
clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix) - correct answer ✔✔*Mechanism:* prevents clot formation and
platelet aggregation
Anti-Coagulants - correct answer ✔✔Heparin and Coumadin: Prevent DVT, PE.
Heparin - correct answer ✔✔Short acting anti-coagulant
*Monitored by:* aPTT lab value
*Dosing:* IV
*Overdose:* give Protamine sulfate
Coumadin (Warfarin) - correct answer ✔✔Long acting anti-coagulant
*Monitored by:* PT and INR lab values
*Dosing:* Oral
*Antidote: Vitamin K*
Describe the use of thrombolytics (-plase) - correct answer ✔✔Drugs that break down (lyse)
blood clots. Used to re-establish blood flow in MI, DVT, ischemic stroke, etc...
, Describe the potential side effects of antilipemics - correct answer ✔✔Can cause constipation
(with accompanying nausea, belching, bloating) myopathy possibly leading to *rhabdomyolysis*
Describe the potential side effects of antidysrhythmics - correct answer ✔✔All antidysrhthmics
can cause *dysrhythmia*
Describe the use of epoetin - correct answer ✔✔Increase production of RBC's and speed up
their maturation; used to treat anemia, also used with Jehovah's Witness patients who can't
receive blood products.
Describe the use of filgrastim - correct answer ✔✔Promotes the activation of the cells that
make WBCs. It is indicated to reduce the incidence and duration of infection.
Describe the use of etanercept - correct answer ✔✔Blocks part of the inflammatory pathway.
Decreases joint swelling and tenderness in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Describe the mechanism of action and side effects of adrenergic drugs - correct answer
✔✔*MOA:* Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight): increased HR,
increased force of heart contraction, broncho-dilation, peripheral vasoconstriction.
*Side effects:* hypertension, tachycardia, dysrhythmia, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, dry
mouth.
Describe the mechanism of action and side effects of cholinergic drugs - correct answer
✔✔*MOA:* Stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest): vasodilation,
decreased HR; increased GI motility, urinary frequency, and gastric secretions.
*Side effects:* (overstimulation of PSNS) bradycardia, hypotension, abd cramps, increased
secretions
questions well answered to pass
Penicillin - correct answer ✔✔*Common names:* (-illin)
*Indications for use:* Prevention and treatment of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria
*Mechanism of action:* Bactericidal
*Major side effects:* Urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, N/V, *overgrowth of C Diff (eat yogurt)*,
hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, *coagulation abnormalities*
*Precautions/Contraindications:* Known drug allergies, if allergic to penicillin most likely allergic
to cephalosporins.
*Interactions:* NSAIDs, Oral Contraceptives, Warfarin
Triptan*s* - correct answer ✔✔*Common names:* (-triptan)
*Indications for use:* Migraines
*Mechanism of action:* serotonin agonist, causes vasoconstriction
*Major side effects:* (due to vasoconstriction) tingling, flushing, blood leaving periphery,
congestion, dizziness, nausea, myalgia
*Contraindications:* Serious cardiovascular disease
*Interactions:* other drugs that increase serotonin (and consequently vasoconstriction), namely
ergo alkaloids
Vasodilators - correct answer ✔✔*Common names:* Diazoxide, hydralazine, minoxidil,
nitroprusside
*Indications for use:* Hypertension
*Mechanism of action:* Peripheral vasodilation
*Major side effects:* (due to vasodilation) dizziness, orthostatic HYPOtension, edema,
headache, dyspnea
,*Precautions/Contraindications:* HYPOtension, cerebral edema, coronary artery disease
*Interactions:* Any other anti-hypertensive or adrenergic drugs
Anti-Platelets - correct answer ✔✔Aspirin and clopidogrel bisulfate: Prevent stroke, MI and
vascular death
Aspirin - correct answer ✔✔*Mechanism:* prevents blood vessel occlusion and platelet
aggregation
*Adverse effects:* possibility of Reyes' Syndrome if given to children with flu-like symptoms
clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix) - correct answer ✔✔*Mechanism:* prevents clot formation and
platelet aggregation
Anti-Coagulants - correct answer ✔✔Heparin and Coumadin: Prevent DVT, PE.
Heparin - correct answer ✔✔Short acting anti-coagulant
*Monitored by:* aPTT lab value
*Dosing:* IV
*Overdose:* give Protamine sulfate
Coumadin (Warfarin) - correct answer ✔✔Long acting anti-coagulant
*Monitored by:* PT and INR lab values
*Dosing:* Oral
*Antidote: Vitamin K*
Describe the use of thrombolytics (-plase) - correct answer ✔✔Drugs that break down (lyse)
blood clots. Used to re-establish blood flow in MI, DVT, ischemic stroke, etc...
, Describe the potential side effects of antilipemics - correct answer ✔✔Can cause constipation
(with accompanying nausea, belching, bloating) myopathy possibly leading to *rhabdomyolysis*
Describe the potential side effects of antidysrhythmics - correct answer ✔✔All antidysrhthmics
can cause *dysrhythmia*
Describe the use of epoetin - correct answer ✔✔Increase production of RBC's and speed up
their maturation; used to treat anemia, also used with Jehovah's Witness patients who can't
receive blood products.
Describe the use of filgrastim - correct answer ✔✔Promotes the activation of the cells that
make WBCs. It is indicated to reduce the incidence and duration of infection.
Describe the use of etanercept - correct answer ✔✔Blocks part of the inflammatory pathway.
Decreases joint swelling and tenderness in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Describe the mechanism of action and side effects of adrenergic drugs - correct answer
✔✔*MOA:* Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight): increased HR,
increased force of heart contraction, broncho-dilation, peripheral vasoconstriction.
*Side effects:* hypertension, tachycardia, dysrhythmia, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, dry
mouth.
Describe the mechanism of action and side effects of cholinergic drugs - correct answer
✔✔*MOA:* Stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest): vasodilation,
decreased HR; increased GI motility, urinary frequency, and gastric secretions.
*Side effects:* (overstimulation of PSNS) bradycardia, hypotension, abd cramps, increased
secretions
