LASERS CERTIFICATION EXAM
Theorized the concept of stimulated emission - answer Einstein
Theorized that an excited electron will spontaneously return to its ground state -
answerBohr
First ruby laser was created in _____ by ______. - answer1960, Ted Mailman
_________ reported in 1965 that a ruby laser could vaporize enamel. - answer Stern
and Sognnaes
First pulsed Nd:YAG laser released in ______ and cuts ______ tissue. - answer1990,
soft tissue
In _____ the first dental hard tissue was FDA cleared and is called _______. And the
______ laser a year later. - answer1997
Er: YAG laser
Er, Cr: YSGG
The word LASER is an acronym standing for _________. - answer Light Amplification
by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Laser parameters include what 3 things? - answer1)Duration of exposure
2)Fiber Diameter
3)Wavelength
Lasers are:
______chromatic?
_____directional?
coherent or noncoherent?
emitted from a stimulated ____________. - answermonochromatic: made of a single
wavelength (visible or infrared)
unidirectional
coherent (all peaks and valleys of each wave travel in unison)
active medium
What states can the active medium be in? - answersolid, gas, semiconductor
What type of active medium is used in Er: YAG? - answersolid state using crystal matrix
(erbium laced yttrium, aluminum and garnet)
, What type of gas is used when the active medium is sealed in an air tight chamber? -
answerCO2
Diode lasers have what type of active medium? - answersemiconductor
what photons form the laser? - answerlight that leaks from the output coupler
Stimulated emission: - answeratoms of the active medium are stimulated to a higher
energy level--> released as a photon as the atom returns to a more stable lower energy
level.
Amplification - answerReleased photons can go on to stimulate more atoms in the
crystal, thus producing more photons
Energy density depends on what 3 things? - answerenergy, divergence (tendency of a
laser beam to spread outward=laser beam diameter increases), and distance
Energy is measured in ______ - answerJoules (millijoules)
Power is ______ and is measured in _______ - answerrate of doing work, or energy
used over a period of time and is measured in Watts (J/sec)
Frequency is measured in _____. - answerHertz ( laser pulses/sec)
What is the most important variable dictating how the laser beam will interact with the
target tissue? - answerPeak Power
Define Peak Power: - answerpower level in each individual laser pulse, however it is not
visible to the operator
Describe Peak Power in the 3 types:
1) Continuous
2) Gated
3) Free running pulsed - answer1) the peak power equals the average power displayed
2) Average power is half of peak power
3) Low Average power, very high peak power
What are the two basic forms of pulsed laser modes? - answerGated wave
Free running pulsed
How is the gated wave pulse created? - answercreated with a shutter that blocks the
laser beam from reaching the handpiece and target tissue at varying speeds: the laser
is on constantly but the shutter device blocks the light from transmitting. (example:
flashlight moving hand in front of it)
Theorized the concept of stimulated emission - answer Einstein
Theorized that an excited electron will spontaneously return to its ground state -
answerBohr
First ruby laser was created in _____ by ______. - answer1960, Ted Mailman
_________ reported in 1965 that a ruby laser could vaporize enamel. - answer Stern
and Sognnaes
First pulsed Nd:YAG laser released in ______ and cuts ______ tissue. - answer1990,
soft tissue
In _____ the first dental hard tissue was FDA cleared and is called _______. And the
______ laser a year later. - answer1997
Er: YAG laser
Er, Cr: YSGG
The word LASER is an acronym standing for _________. - answer Light Amplification
by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Laser parameters include what 3 things? - answer1)Duration of exposure
2)Fiber Diameter
3)Wavelength
Lasers are:
______chromatic?
_____directional?
coherent or noncoherent?
emitted from a stimulated ____________. - answermonochromatic: made of a single
wavelength (visible or infrared)
unidirectional
coherent (all peaks and valleys of each wave travel in unison)
active medium
What states can the active medium be in? - answersolid, gas, semiconductor
What type of active medium is used in Er: YAG? - answersolid state using crystal matrix
(erbium laced yttrium, aluminum and garnet)
, What type of gas is used when the active medium is sealed in an air tight chamber? -
answerCO2
Diode lasers have what type of active medium? - answersemiconductor
what photons form the laser? - answerlight that leaks from the output coupler
Stimulated emission: - answeratoms of the active medium are stimulated to a higher
energy level--> released as a photon as the atom returns to a more stable lower energy
level.
Amplification - answerReleased photons can go on to stimulate more atoms in the
crystal, thus producing more photons
Energy density depends on what 3 things? - answerenergy, divergence (tendency of a
laser beam to spread outward=laser beam diameter increases), and distance
Energy is measured in ______ - answerJoules (millijoules)
Power is ______ and is measured in _______ - answerrate of doing work, or energy
used over a period of time and is measured in Watts (J/sec)
Frequency is measured in _____. - answerHertz ( laser pulses/sec)
What is the most important variable dictating how the laser beam will interact with the
target tissue? - answerPeak Power
Define Peak Power: - answerpower level in each individual laser pulse, however it is not
visible to the operator
Describe Peak Power in the 3 types:
1) Continuous
2) Gated
3) Free running pulsed - answer1) the peak power equals the average power displayed
2) Average power is half of peak power
3) Low Average power, very high peak power
What are the two basic forms of pulsed laser modes? - answerGated wave
Free running pulsed
How is the gated wave pulse created? - answercreated with a shutter that blocks the
laser beam from reaching the handpiece and target tissue at varying speeds: the laser
is on constantly but the shutter device blocks the light from transmitting. (example:
flashlight moving hand in front of it)
