TOOLING U - ENGINE LATHE
OPERATIONS 261 100% ACCURATE
Analog Measurement - ANSWER A type of readout that uses dials with scales inscribed
on them to display dimensions on the lathe. Analog measurement is less precise than
digital readout.
Apron - ANSWER A rectangular plate mounted to the saddle. The apron holds the
carriage handwheel and cross-slide handwheel.
Axial - ANSWER Along or parallel to the workpiece axis. Axial depth of cut is controlled
by the carriage-feed handwheel.
Backlash - ANSWER The relative movement of interlocked mechanical components
due to slack, or extra space, between them. Backlash often occurs when motion is
reversed.
Bed - ANSWER The base of the lathe. Beds provide a foundation for various machine
tools.
Boring - ANSWER The process of enlarging an existing hole with a single-point tool.
Boring is an inner diameter operation.
Boring Tool - ANSWER A long bar used to position a single-point tool for boring
operations. Boring tools may have adjustable or fixed diameters.
Burrs - ANSWER A rough, sharp edge remaining on a part after a cutting process. Burrs
pose an injury risk and interfere with the fitting of parts.
C Axis - ANSWER The Cartesian axis describing motion around the Z axis. The C axis
describes the rotation of the spindle on a lathe.
Calipers - ANSWER A measuring instrument with a pair of jaws on one end and a long
beam containing a marked scale of unit divisions. Calipers can measure both internal
and external features.
Carriage Assembly - ANSWER The combination of components that make up the
carriage. The carriage assembly includes the saddle, cross slide, compound rest, tool
post, and cutting tool.
Carriage Handwheel - ANSWER A hand-cranked wheel that moves the lathe carriage
back and forth along the ways, parallel to the workpiece. The carriage handwheel
positions the cutting tool for turning operations.
, Cartesian Coordinate System - ANSWER A system that describes the location of an
object by numerically expressing its distance from a fixed position along three linear
axes, which are perpendicular to each other. Cartesian coordinates are used to direct
machine tool movements.
Chatter - ANSWER The development of surface imperfections on a workpiece caused
by cutting tool vibration. Chatter occurs if the machine does not have sufficient rigidity or
if the cutting tool is applied in an incorrect manner.
Chip Evacuation - ANSWER The proper clearance of chips during a metal-cutting
process. Chip evacuation can become an issue if the operation generates a lot of
vibration, as with grooving, or when machining without enough cutting fluid, which can
result in a damaged cutting tool or scrapped part.
Cutting Variables - ANSWER The changeable aspects of a given metal cutting
operation. Cutting variables for lathe operations include speed, feed, and depth of cut.
Deflecting - ANSWER Unintentionally deviating from a straight line or plane when a
force is applied. Deflecting in drilling can cause poor hole location and dimensions.
Depth Of Cut - ANSWER The amount of material removed by one pass of the cutting
tool. Depth of cut measures how far the cutting tool penetrates the surface of the
workpiece during a cut.
Diameter - ANSWER The distance between two opposing points on the edge of a circle
passing through the center. The diameter divides the face of a cylindrical workpiece into
two equal halves.
Digital Readout - ANSWER DRO. A type of readout that uses an encoder attached to a
machine that transfers information to a digital display. Digital readout is capable of very
precise measurements.
Drill Chuck - ANSWER A toolholder that tightens to grip holemaking tools. Drill chucks
allow for the quick installation and removal of various tools, including drill bits, reamers,
and taps.
Drilling - ANSWER The use of a multipoint tool to machine a new round hole into the
surface of a workpiece. Drilling is an inner diameter operation.
Drip Method - ANSWER A manual cutting fluid delivery method in which an operator
uses a brush to apply fluid on the workpiece surface. The drip method is often used with
oil-based cutting fluids.
Center Drilling - ANSWER Cutting a wide center hole into the end of a workpiece using
a special center drill bit. Center drilling can create a hole that can be used by a center to
support the workpiece or can act as a pilot hole for drilling operations.
OPERATIONS 261 100% ACCURATE
Analog Measurement - ANSWER A type of readout that uses dials with scales inscribed
on them to display dimensions on the lathe. Analog measurement is less precise than
digital readout.
Apron - ANSWER A rectangular plate mounted to the saddle. The apron holds the
carriage handwheel and cross-slide handwheel.
Axial - ANSWER Along or parallel to the workpiece axis. Axial depth of cut is controlled
by the carriage-feed handwheel.
Backlash - ANSWER The relative movement of interlocked mechanical components
due to slack, or extra space, between them. Backlash often occurs when motion is
reversed.
Bed - ANSWER The base of the lathe. Beds provide a foundation for various machine
tools.
Boring - ANSWER The process of enlarging an existing hole with a single-point tool.
Boring is an inner diameter operation.
Boring Tool - ANSWER A long bar used to position a single-point tool for boring
operations. Boring tools may have adjustable or fixed diameters.
Burrs - ANSWER A rough, sharp edge remaining on a part after a cutting process. Burrs
pose an injury risk and interfere with the fitting of parts.
C Axis - ANSWER The Cartesian axis describing motion around the Z axis. The C axis
describes the rotation of the spindle on a lathe.
Calipers - ANSWER A measuring instrument with a pair of jaws on one end and a long
beam containing a marked scale of unit divisions. Calipers can measure both internal
and external features.
Carriage Assembly - ANSWER The combination of components that make up the
carriage. The carriage assembly includes the saddle, cross slide, compound rest, tool
post, and cutting tool.
Carriage Handwheel - ANSWER A hand-cranked wheel that moves the lathe carriage
back and forth along the ways, parallel to the workpiece. The carriage handwheel
positions the cutting tool for turning operations.
, Cartesian Coordinate System - ANSWER A system that describes the location of an
object by numerically expressing its distance from a fixed position along three linear
axes, which are perpendicular to each other. Cartesian coordinates are used to direct
machine tool movements.
Chatter - ANSWER The development of surface imperfections on a workpiece caused
by cutting tool vibration. Chatter occurs if the machine does not have sufficient rigidity or
if the cutting tool is applied in an incorrect manner.
Chip Evacuation - ANSWER The proper clearance of chips during a metal-cutting
process. Chip evacuation can become an issue if the operation generates a lot of
vibration, as with grooving, or when machining without enough cutting fluid, which can
result in a damaged cutting tool or scrapped part.
Cutting Variables - ANSWER The changeable aspects of a given metal cutting
operation. Cutting variables for lathe operations include speed, feed, and depth of cut.
Deflecting - ANSWER Unintentionally deviating from a straight line or plane when a
force is applied. Deflecting in drilling can cause poor hole location and dimensions.
Depth Of Cut - ANSWER The amount of material removed by one pass of the cutting
tool. Depth of cut measures how far the cutting tool penetrates the surface of the
workpiece during a cut.
Diameter - ANSWER The distance between two opposing points on the edge of a circle
passing through the center. The diameter divides the face of a cylindrical workpiece into
two equal halves.
Digital Readout - ANSWER DRO. A type of readout that uses an encoder attached to a
machine that transfers information to a digital display. Digital readout is capable of very
precise measurements.
Drill Chuck - ANSWER A toolholder that tightens to grip holemaking tools. Drill chucks
allow for the quick installation and removal of various tools, including drill bits, reamers,
and taps.
Drilling - ANSWER The use of a multipoint tool to machine a new round hole into the
surface of a workpiece. Drilling is an inner diameter operation.
Drip Method - ANSWER A manual cutting fluid delivery method in which an operator
uses a brush to apply fluid on the workpiece surface. The drip method is often used with
oil-based cutting fluids.
Center Drilling - ANSWER Cutting a wide center hole into the end of a workpiece using
a special center drill bit. Center drilling can create a hole that can be used by a center to
support the workpiece or can act as a pilot hole for drilling operations.
