Fetal Echo Practice Questions And Correct Answers

What is a common indirect sign of coarctation of the aorta? - (correct answer) -
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Right ventricular diameter greater than left ventricular diameter
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And indirect sign of narrowing of the aorta is right, ventricle to left ventricle disprop
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ortion with the right ventricle, larger than the left ventricle caused by decreased flo
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w in the aorta
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Which type of univentricular heart is most lethal?
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A. Type A gh gh




B. Туре B gh gh




C. Type C gh gh




D. Type D gh gh




E. Type E - (correct answer) - Type C - absent or rudimentary ventricular septum
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In total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) there will always be -
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(correct answer) - an atrial septal defect and a right-to-left shunt at the atrial level
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What is the most common type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPV
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R)? - (correct answer) - Supracardiac.
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The supracardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) occurs
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most frequently, accounting for approximately 44% of cases.
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Infracardiac partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is associated with:
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A. Shone syndrome
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B. Scimitar syndrome
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C. Cor triatriatum
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D. Situs inversus
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E. Heterotaxy syndrome - (correct answer) - B. Scimitar syndrome.
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Anomalous venous drainage of the right lower and middle lobes occurring in associ
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ation with right lung hypoplasia is termed the scimitar syndrome. One or more of th
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e puimonary veins drain anomalously into the inferior vena cava, and abnormal art
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erial flow goes into the right lung.
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Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection from the right lung is almost alwa
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ys present with:
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A. Ostium primum atrial septal defect
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B. Sinus venous atrial septal defect
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C. Ostium secundum atrial septal defect
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D. Coronary sinus atrial septal defect
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,E. Atrioventricular septal defect - (correct answer) -
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B. Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
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One of the first signs of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) in the fe
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tus IS: gh




A. Enlarged right ventricle
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B. Prominent pulmonary artery
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C. Enlarged left ventricle
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D. Both A and B
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E. All of the above - (correct answer) -
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D. Both A (enlarged right ventricle) and B (prominent pulmonary artery).
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Diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) in the fetus is very
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difficult. The right ventricle and pulmonary artery will be enlarged due to increased
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blood flow into the right heart. The pulmonary veins drain directly or indirectly into
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the right atrium instead of the left atrium. When enlargement of the right ventricle
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and pulmonary artery is present, investigation of the pulmonary veins must be perf
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ormed to rule out anomalous pulmonary venous connections.
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Which type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is almost always
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associated with a severe obstruction? gh gh gh gh




A. Supracardiac
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B. Cardiac
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C. Infracardiac
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D. Mixed anomalous
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E. Partial anomalous - (correct answer) - C. Infracardiac.
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in almost all cases of infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR
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) there is some type of obstruction of the venous return to the heart. The obstructio
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n can occur at any level.
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The cardiac defect found in all cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous return
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(TAPVR) is: gh




A. Atrial septal defect
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B. Ventricular septal defect
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C. Left superior vena cava
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D. Right-sided aortic arch
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E. Coarctation of the aorta - (correct answer) - A. Atrial septal defect.
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, with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) there is almost always a rig
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ht-to-left shunt--atrial septa/ defect--
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allowing blood to return to the left heart and systemic circulation.
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Hypoplasia of the right ventricle most commonly results from:
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A. Tricuspid stenosis
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B. Ventricular septal defect
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C. Redundant foramen ovale
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D. Pulmonary atresia with an intact interventricular septum
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E. Mitral valve insufficiency - (correct answer) -
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D. Pulmonary atresia with an intact interventricular septum
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What cardiac defect is most commonly associated with double-outlet right ventricle
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(DORV)?
A. Pulmonary stenosis
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B. Aortic stenosis
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C. Tricuspid stenosis
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D. Mitral stenosis
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E. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return - (correct answer) -
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A. pulmonary stenosis
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The most common embryologic tissue-migration abnormality is:
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A. Double-outlet right ventricle
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B. Tetralogy of Fallot
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C. Pulmonic stenosis with ventricular septal defect
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D. D-transposition of the great arteries
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E. Truncus arteriosus - (correct answer) - B. Tetralogy of Fallot
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The most common type of double-outlet right ventricle is: - (correct answer) -
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Double-outlet right ventricle with a subaortic ventricular septal defect
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Classic Taussig-Bing heart is a combination of: - (correct answer) -
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Subpulmonic ventricular septal defect with side-by-side great vessels.
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The classic Taussig-
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Bing physiology is like that in transposition of the great arteries postnatally
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Ebstein's anomaly is associated with what cardiac defect - (correct answer) -
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Pulmonic stenosis.
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