GCU BIO322 EXAM 1
(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - ANSWERX-LINKED RECESSIVE
XmY = Affected
XmX = Female, Carrier
Gower sign
calf pseudohypertrophy, lordosis
Increase in Creatine Kinase
Idiopathic - ANSWERunknown cause
Iatrogenic - ANSWERproduced by treatment (ex. chemo)
Noscomial - ANSWERinfection acquired in a hospital
2 most common nosocomial infections - ANSWER1. UTI
2. Pneumonia
Predisposing Factors - ANSWERage, sex, environment, lifestyle, heredity
SOAP - ANSWERsubjective (chief complain), objective (vitals/physical exam),
assessment (diagnosis), plan
Hypertonic & Hypotonic - ANSWERHypertonic: Cells shrink (ex. dehydration)
Hypotonic: Cells swell (ex. inflammation - edema)
3 Electrolytes to know: - ANSWERSodium: wants to come in
Potassium: wants to leave
Calcium: wants to come in
5 signs of inflammation - ANSWERheat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function
Hyperemia - ANSWERredness of the skin due to increased blood flow, causes heat in
the area
Atrophy - ANSWERdecrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - ANSWERincrease in cell size, increased work demand on hormones
ex. cardiomegaly due to Hypertension
Hyperplasia - ANSWERincrease in number of cells, increased rate of cellular division
ex. BPH, callus
Metaplasia - ANSWERreversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type
(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - ANSWERX-LINKED RECESSIVE
XmY = Affected
XmX = Female, Carrier
Gower sign
calf pseudohypertrophy, lordosis
Increase in Creatine Kinase
Idiopathic - ANSWERunknown cause
Iatrogenic - ANSWERproduced by treatment (ex. chemo)
Noscomial - ANSWERinfection acquired in a hospital
2 most common nosocomial infections - ANSWER1. UTI
2. Pneumonia
Predisposing Factors - ANSWERage, sex, environment, lifestyle, heredity
SOAP - ANSWERsubjective (chief complain), objective (vitals/physical exam),
assessment (diagnosis), plan
Hypertonic & Hypotonic - ANSWERHypertonic: Cells shrink (ex. dehydration)
Hypotonic: Cells swell (ex. inflammation - edema)
3 Electrolytes to know: - ANSWERSodium: wants to come in
Potassium: wants to leave
Calcium: wants to come in
5 signs of inflammation - ANSWERheat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function
Hyperemia - ANSWERredness of the skin due to increased blood flow, causes heat in
the area
Atrophy - ANSWERdecrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - ANSWERincrease in cell size, increased work demand on hormones
ex. cardiomegaly due to Hypertension
Hyperplasia - ANSWERincrease in number of cells, increased rate of cellular division
ex. BPH, callus
Metaplasia - ANSWERreversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type
