ITLS Final Exam Questions | Exam Revision Questions and Correct Answers
With 100% Correct Answers | Latest 2025 Update.
What is normal paCO2 - ANSWER- 35-45mmHg
When is intercranial pressure considered dangerous - ANSWER- They rise in 15 mmHg and
cerebral herniation may occur at pressures above 25 mmHg
How is cerebral perfusion pressure calculated - ANSWER- Subtracting intercranial pressure
from mean arterial blood pressure
What is map - ANSWER- Mean arterial pressure
If ICP increases then what happens to cerebral perfusion pressure - ANSWER- Cerebral
perfusion pressure will decrease
Through perfusion pressure must maintain at least what - ANSWER- 60 mmHg which requires
maintaining a systolic blood pressure of 110
What is cerebral herniation syndrome - ANSWER- A critical syndrome in which swelling of
the brain forces portions of the brain through the magnum foremen causing coma, dilation of
pupils, contralateral paralysis, elevated blood pressure and bradycardia
When is hyperventilation indicated - ANSWER- Cerebral herniation syndrome
How many breaths per minute for children and infants with cerebral herniation syndrome -
ANSWER- 25 for children and 30 for infants
Patients with ICP should have an end title CO2 of what - ANSWER- 30 to 35
, What are normal ventilation rate for adults children and infants - ANSWER- 8 to 10,15 and 20
What is non-reflow phenomenon - ANSWER- The inability of restoring oxygenation and blood
pressure to restore perfusion to the cortex after and anoxic episode of 4 to 6 minutes
What artery is often teared in acute epidural hematoma - ANSWER- Middle meningeal artery
Whatis it called when a patient is conscious and coherent and then lapses into unconsciousness -
ANSWER- Lucid interval
What type of bleed is often acute subdural hematoma - ANSWER- Venous
Where does the bleeding occur in an acute subdural hematoma - ANSWER- Between the dura
and the arachnoid
Where does the bleeding occur in an acute epidural hematoma - ANSWER- Between the Dura
and the skull
What sort of injury is often prevalent in acute subdural hematoma - ANSWER- Injury to the
underlying brain tissue
Who is at highest risk for subdural hematoma's - ANSWER- Alcoholics and elderly patients
and those taking anticoagulants
Enter through hemorrhage is often caused by what Trumatic injuries - ANSWER- Blunt force
trauma or penetrating injuries
Raccoon eyes areevidence of what - ANSWER- Anterior basilar skull fracture
With 100% Correct Answers | Latest 2025 Update.
What is normal paCO2 - ANSWER- 35-45mmHg
When is intercranial pressure considered dangerous - ANSWER- They rise in 15 mmHg and
cerebral herniation may occur at pressures above 25 mmHg
How is cerebral perfusion pressure calculated - ANSWER- Subtracting intercranial pressure
from mean arterial blood pressure
What is map - ANSWER- Mean arterial pressure
If ICP increases then what happens to cerebral perfusion pressure - ANSWER- Cerebral
perfusion pressure will decrease
Through perfusion pressure must maintain at least what - ANSWER- 60 mmHg which requires
maintaining a systolic blood pressure of 110
What is cerebral herniation syndrome - ANSWER- A critical syndrome in which swelling of
the brain forces portions of the brain through the magnum foremen causing coma, dilation of
pupils, contralateral paralysis, elevated blood pressure and bradycardia
When is hyperventilation indicated - ANSWER- Cerebral herniation syndrome
How many breaths per minute for children and infants with cerebral herniation syndrome -
ANSWER- 25 for children and 30 for infants
Patients with ICP should have an end title CO2 of what - ANSWER- 30 to 35
, What are normal ventilation rate for adults children and infants - ANSWER- 8 to 10,15 and 20
What is non-reflow phenomenon - ANSWER- The inability of restoring oxygenation and blood
pressure to restore perfusion to the cortex after and anoxic episode of 4 to 6 minutes
What artery is often teared in acute epidural hematoma - ANSWER- Middle meningeal artery
Whatis it called when a patient is conscious and coherent and then lapses into unconsciousness -
ANSWER- Lucid interval
What type of bleed is often acute subdural hematoma - ANSWER- Venous
Where does the bleeding occur in an acute subdural hematoma - ANSWER- Between the dura
and the arachnoid
Where does the bleeding occur in an acute epidural hematoma - ANSWER- Between the Dura
and the skull
What sort of injury is often prevalent in acute subdural hematoma - ANSWER- Injury to the
underlying brain tissue
Who is at highest risk for subdural hematoma's - ANSWER- Alcoholics and elderly patients
and those taking anticoagulants
Enter through hemorrhage is often caused by what Trumatic injuries - ANSWER- Blunt force
trauma or penetrating injuries
Raccoon eyes areevidence of what - ANSWER- Anterior basilar skull fracture
