NUSC 2200 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest 2025-2026
What is the optimal duration of breast-feeding? Exclusive and with solid foods? - Answers 6 months
exclusively, at least a year with solid foods
When (year) did the rates of breastfeeding finally increased? - Answers 1990
What are the functional units of the mammary glands? - Answers Alveoli
What hormone is involved in the production of milk? - Answers Prolactin
What hormone is involved in the ejection of milk (let down) from the myopithelial cells? - Answers
Oxytocin
Define the 3 stages of lactogenesis and when do they begin? - Answers Stage I: 3rd trimester; milk
formation begins
Stage II: 2-5 days after birth; increased blood flow to breast, milk comes in
Stage III: ~10 days after birth; milk composition is stable.
What is the statement of the World Health Organization (WHO) related to breastfeeding? - Answers -If
all children were breastfed for 2 years, 800,000 lives would be saved per year
-Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth,
development, and health
What is colostrum? - Answers The first milk secreted during the first few days postpartum; it is very high
in proteins such as secretory IgA and lactoferrin
Two main differences between colostrum and mature milk? - Answers 1. Colostrum has 3 times as much
sodium
2. Colostrum has twice as much vitamin A
What is the contribution of fat Calories in human milk? - Answers 55%
Why is it important that the breast milk is high in cholesterol? - Answers Early consumption of
cholesterol through breast milk appears to be related to lower blood cholesterol levels later in life
How do proteins in human milk compare to those in cow's milk? - Answers Human milk = 0.32 g/oz
Cow milk = 0.98 g/oz
What is the main carbohydrate in breast milk? - Answers Lactose
What important vitamins are in breast milk? - Answers Vitamin A, D, E, K, B12, folate
, When would there be a concern of not enough Vitamin E in breast milk? - Answers If the baby is
preterm, there is not enough vitamin E to meet its needs
When would there be a concern of not enough Vitamin K? - Answers All babies should be given a
supplemental injection of vitamin K
Minerals in breastmilk have high bioavailability. How is this important in the case of iron? - Answers
Even though human milk is low in iron, the bioavailability of minerals means the infants have a very low
risk of anemia
Name 3 main differences between human and cow's milk - Answers 1. Protein (higher in cow milk)
2. Calcium (higher in cow milk)
3. Vitamin C (higher in human milk)
Is mother's diet associated with changes in breast milk? - Answers Yes, affects fatty acid profile,
vitamins, and trace minerals
Name 3 benefits for the baby and 3 for the mother associated with breast feeding - Answers Mother:
1. Less ovarian and breast cancer
2. Improved bone density
3. Decreased risk of postpartum depression
Baby:
1. Higher IQ
2. Reduced risk of childhood and adult obesity
3. Prevents HIV infection
What are some of the barriers for breastfeeding? - Answers Employment, substance abuse, fear of
weight gain, fear of pain, no social support, fear of not being enough, away from baby, use of pacifiers,
embarrassment, time and social constraints, lack of support from family/friends, lack of confidence,
concerns about diet and health
How does breastfeeding prevent obesity? - Answers It teaches the baby how to eat right and how to
stop eating when they're full
What could be a problem associated with high lactose content in mother's milk? - Answers Can cause
diarrhea or green stools
How often is a newborn fed? - Answers 10-12 feedings per day
What is the optimal duration of breast-feeding? Exclusive and with solid foods? - Answers 6 months
exclusively, at least a year with solid foods
When (year) did the rates of breastfeeding finally increased? - Answers 1990
What are the functional units of the mammary glands? - Answers Alveoli
What hormone is involved in the production of milk? - Answers Prolactin
What hormone is involved in the ejection of milk (let down) from the myopithelial cells? - Answers
Oxytocin
Define the 3 stages of lactogenesis and when do they begin? - Answers Stage I: 3rd trimester; milk
formation begins
Stage II: 2-5 days after birth; increased blood flow to breast, milk comes in
Stage III: ~10 days after birth; milk composition is stable.
What is the statement of the World Health Organization (WHO) related to breastfeeding? - Answers -If
all children were breastfed for 2 years, 800,000 lives would be saved per year
-Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth,
development, and health
What is colostrum? - Answers The first milk secreted during the first few days postpartum; it is very high
in proteins such as secretory IgA and lactoferrin
Two main differences between colostrum and mature milk? - Answers 1. Colostrum has 3 times as much
sodium
2. Colostrum has twice as much vitamin A
What is the contribution of fat Calories in human milk? - Answers 55%
Why is it important that the breast milk is high in cholesterol? - Answers Early consumption of
cholesterol through breast milk appears to be related to lower blood cholesterol levels later in life
How do proteins in human milk compare to those in cow's milk? - Answers Human milk = 0.32 g/oz
Cow milk = 0.98 g/oz
What is the main carbohydrate in breast milk? - Answers Lactose
What important vitamins are in breast milk? - Answers Vitamin A, D, E, K, B12, folate
, When would there be a concern of not enough Vitamin E in breast milk? - Answers If the baby is
preterm, there is not enough vitamin E to meet its needs
When would there be a concern of not enough Vitamin K? - Answers All babies should be given a
supplemental injection of vitamin K
Minerals in breastmilk have high bioavailability. How is this important in the case of iron? - Answers
Even though human milk is low in iron, the bioavailability of minerals means the infants have a very low
risk of anemia
Name 3 main differences between human and cow's milk - Answers 1. Protein (higher in cow milk)
2. Calcium (higher in cow milk)
3. Vitamin C (higher in human milk)
Is mother's diet associated with changes in breast milk? - Answers Yes, affects fatty acid profile,
vitamins, and trace minerals
Name 3 benefits for the baby and 3 for the mother associated with breast feeding - Answers Mother:
1. Less ovarian and breast cancer
2. Improved bone density
3. Decreased risk of postpartum depression
Baby:
1. Higher IQ
2. Reduced risk of childhood and adult obesity
3. Prevents HIV infection
What are some of the barriers for breastfeeding? - Answers Employment, substance abuse, fear of
weight gain, fear of pain, no social support, fear of not being enough, away from baby, use of pacifiers,
embarrassment, time and social constraints, lack of support from family/friends, lack of confidence,
concerns about diet and health
How does breastfeeding prevent obesity? - Answers It teaches the baby how to eat right and how to
stop eating when they're full
What could be a problem associated with high lactose content in mother's milk? - Answers Can cause
diarrhea or green stools
How often is a newborn fed? - Answers 10-12 feedings per day
