FINAL EXAM SOCIOLOGY MIZZOU
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What is sociology? - ANSWER look to factors outside of individuals to understand how
they shape and are shaped by human behavior.
(no exact definition)
What does C. Wright Mills mean by the sociological imagination - ANSWER capacity to
think about our own personal experiences in relation to a set of social factors that
influence every aspect of our lives (i.e. perspective)
What does Mills mean by History and Biography? - ANSWER History- current and past
social circumstances and factors
Biography- individual experiences, history usually impacts this
How do sociologists think of the relationship between nature and nurture? - ANSWER -
Nature makes some things more or less possible
-Nurture, or the social world, impacts likelihood
What is socialization and what is meant by agents of socialization? - ANSWER -
Experiences that give us an identity and teach the values,
morals, beliefs, and ways of acting and thinking that are
expected in society
When in our lives do we experience socialization? - ANSWER lifelong
What are norms and what are the four types of norms? - ANSWER -Rules and
expectations by which a group guides the
the behavior of its members
4 types: Folkways, Mores, Laws, Taboos
How are norms enforced? - ANSWER through tradition or sake of convenience
What is the most common method of social control? - ANSWER sanctions
macro- and micro-sociology. - ANSWER -Macro: looks at large-scale social processes,
such as social stability and change.
-Micro: looks at small-scale interactions between individuals, such as conversation or
group dynamics
social conflict theory, alienation, and false consciousness. - ANSWER -Society is full of
inequalities that create further inequalities
-Alienation: Feeling of being disconnected from others, from
work, and from our own sense of humanity
, -Capitalist system trains to believe you get to the elite by
individual merit, hard work
What does Emile Durkheim mean by mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity? -
ANSWER -Mechanical Solidarity: Older, less complex societies. Smaller,
highly integrated, each part dependent on others
-Organic Solidarity: Newer, complex societies. Less integrated,
but still highly reliant on others
Ethnocentrism - ANSWER assuming one's own culture is superior to other cultures
Empiricism - ANSWER the view that knowledge originates in experience and that
science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Cultural Relativism - ANSWER not judging a culture to our own standards of what is
right or wrong, strange or normal
what do sex and gender refer to? - ANSWER -Sex: Different biological and
physiological characteristics of
males and females Reproductive organs, chromosomes, hormones
-Gender: Socially constructed characteristics of men and women Norms, roles, and
relationships among and between groups of women and men
transgender vs cisgender - ANSWER -transgender: persons whose gender identity,
gender expression/behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to
which they were assigned at birth
-cisgender: someone whose internal sense of gender corresponds with the sex the
person was identified as having at birth
What does Connell describe as the pride/professionalism dilemma? - ANSWER -
examined experience of feeling caught between expectations of:
-Coming out as the fulfillment of responsibility to gay pride
-Responsibilities as teaching professionals
Feminism - ANSWER advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the
sexes.
intersectionality - ANSWER individuals' various social and political identities result in
unique combinations of discrimination and privilege
Glass Ceiling - ANSWER
What is meant by race and ethnicity? - ANSWER -Race: A system created by people to
classify groups based mostly on skin tone and other phenotypic characteristics
-Ethnicity: the quality or fact of belonging to a population group or subgroup made up of
people who share a common cultural background or descent.
(OTT)CORRECT 100%
What is sociology? - ANSWER look to factors outside of individuals to understand how
they shape and are shaped by human behavior.
(no exact definition)
What does C. Wright Mills mean by the sociological imagination - ANSWER capacity to
think about our own personal experiences in relation to a set of social factors that
influence every aspect of our lives (i.e. perspective)
What does Mills mean by History and Biography? - ANSWER History- current and past
social circumstances and factors
Biography- individual experiences, history usually impacts this
How do sociologists think of the relationship between nature and nurture? - ANSWER -
Nature makes some things more or less possible
-Nurture, or the social world, impacts likelihood
What is socialization and what is meant by agents of socialization? - ANSWER -
Experiences that give us an identity and teach the values,
morals, beliefs, and ways of acting and thinking that are
expected in society
When in our lives do we experience socialization? - ANSWER lifelong
What are norms and what are the four types of norms? - ANSWER -Rules and
expectations by which a group guides the
the behavior of its members
4 types: Folkways, Mores, Laws, Taboos
How are norms enforced? - ANSWER through tradition or sake of convenience
What is the most common method of social control? - ANSWER sanctions
macro- and micro-sociology. - ANSWER -Macro: looks at large-scale social processes,
such as social stability and change.
-Micro: looks at small-scale interactions between individuals, such as conversation or
group dynamics
social conflict theory, alienation, and false consciousness. - ANSWER -Society is full of
inequalities that create further inequalities
-Alienation: Feeling of being disconnected from others, from
work, and from our own sense of humanity
, -Capitalist system trains to believe you get to the elite by
individual merit, hard work
What does Emile Durkheim mean by mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity? -
ANSWER -Mechanical Solidarity: Older, less complex societies. Smaller,
highly integrated, each part dependent on others
-Organic Solidarity: Newer, complex societies. Less integrated,
but still highly reliant on others
Ethnocentrism - ANSWER assuming one's own culture is superior to other cultures
Empiricism - ANSWER the view that knowledge originates in experience and that
science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Cultural Relativism - ANSWER not judging a culture to our own standards of what is
right or wrong, strange or normal
what do sex and gender refer to? - ANSWER -Sex: Different biological and
physiological characteristics of
males and females Reproductive organs, chromosomes, hormones
-Gender: Socially constructed characteristics of men and women Norms, roles, and
relationships among and between groups of women and men
transgender vs cisgender - ANSWER -transgender: persons whose gender identity,
gender expression/behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to
which they were assigned at birth
-cisgender: someone whose internal sense of gender corresponds with the sex the
person was identified as having at birth
What does Connell describe as the pride/professionalism dilemma? - ANSWER -
examined experience of feeling caught between expectations of:
-Coming out as the fulfillment of responsibility to gay pride
-Responsibilities as teaching professionals
Feminism - ANSWER advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the
sexes.
intersectionality - ANSWER individuals' various social and political identities result in
unique combinations of discrimination and privilege
Glass Ceiling - ANSWER
What is meant by race and ethnicity? - ANSWER -Race: A system created by people to
classify groups based mostly on skin tone and other phenotypic characteristics
-Ethnicity: the quality or fact of belonging to a population group or subgroup made up of
people who share a common cultural background or descent.
