GCU BIO-322 FINAL EXAM QUESTION
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS 2025
Interstitial Cystitis - ANSWERChronic painful bladder disorder
-Caused by antiproliferative factor (APF)
-Sxs of UTI w/o bacteria
-Bleeding and pain of bladder, inflammation, Hunner's ulcers
-Urinary frequency up to 60x per day
Urinary Tract Infection - ANSWERUTI
-common cause of confusion in elderly
-caused by cystitis, pylonephritis, diabetes mellitis, urinary catheters, poor hygiene,
digestion
-Dysuria, frequency, urgency, fever, flank pain, N/V, hematuria, leukocytosis
Pyuria - ANSWERcloudy urine d/t potency of white blood cells
Hematuria - ANSWERblood in urine
Nephrolithiasis - ANSWERkidney stones
-caused by age, dehydration, abnormal calcium metabolism
-flank or abdominal pain, N/V, Dysuria, Hematuria
-testing renal function (BUN)
Pyelonephritis - ANSWERinflammation of upper urinary tract
-abscess caused by infection; scarring caused by interstitial pyelonephritis
-dysuria and flank pain
Acute pyelonephritis - ANSWER-infection associated urinary obstruction or urine reflux
from bladder
-fever, chills, flank pain, groin pain, dysuria
Chronic pyelonephritis - ANSWER-persistent or recurrent infection resulting in scarring
-HTN, dysuria, flank pain
Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-decreased ability of the kidneys to filter at the
glomerulus
-lupus-related, autoimmune, post-strep, bacterial endocarditis, HTN, DM, and Berger's
disease
-proteinuria and hematuria
Berger's Disease - ANSWERIgA Nephropathy
, Stress incontinence - ANSWER-incontinence with laughing, coughing, sneezing, lifting
-decreased pelvic floor muscle strength
Urge incontinence - ANSWER-reflex incontinence if it results from overactive nerves
controlling the bladder
-involuntary contraction of detrusor muscle, constant dripping, neurological disorders
Benign prostatic hyperplasia - ANSWERBPH
-enlargement of the prostate, increase in number of prostatic cells
-FHx, obesity w/ central fat distribution, increase in Alpha-reductase enzyme activity
-Hesitant/interrupted/weak stream, urgency or frequency, nocturia, leaking/dripping,
hematuria at late stage
Nocturia - ANSWERincreased urge to urinate at night
Wilm's tumor - ANSWERmixed tumor of the kidney in children
-caused by chromosome 11 mutation or unknown
-asymptomatic upper abdominal mass, HTN d/t tumor secreting Renin
Ischemic stroke - ANSWERthrombus or embolus
Hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWERdissected aneurysm, subarachnoid hemorrhage,
arterivenous malformations
Transient Ischemic Attack - ANSWERTIA
<5 minutes, "mini-stroke"
increases risk of stroke
Stroke - ANSWERdecreased blood flow to the brain
-difficulty walking, talking, seeing, or remembering
-HA, paresthesia, paralysis, hemiplegia, hemiparalysis
Diplopia - ANSWERdouble-vision
Hemiplegia - ANSWERweakness on one side
Hemiparalysis - ANSWERParalysis on one side
Broca's Area - ANSWER-speech production
-responsible for MOTOR
-control of the anatomic
-structure for speech
-tongue, lips and jaws
Wernicke's Area - ANSWER-understanding of written and spoken language
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS 2025
Interstitial Cystitis - ANSWERChronic painful bladder disorder
-Caused by antiproliferative factor (APF)
-Sxs of UTI w/o bacteria
-Bleeding and pain of bladder, inflammation, Hunner's ulcers
-Urinary frequency up to 60x per day
Urinary Tract Infection - ANSWERUTI
-common cause of confusion in elderly
-caused by cystitis, pylonephritis, diabetes mellitis, urinary catheters, poor hygiene,
digestion
-Dysuria, frequency, urgency, fever, flank pain, N/V, hematuria, leukocytosis
Pyuria - ANSWERcloudy urine d/t potency of white blood cells
Hematuria - ANSWERblood in urine
Nephrolithiasis - ANSWERkidney stones
-caused by age, dehydration, abnormal calcium metabolism
-flank or abdominal pain, N/V, Dysuria, Hematuria
-testing renal function (BUN)
Pyelonephritis - ANSWERinflammation of upper urinary tract
-abscess caused by infection; scarring caused by interstitial pyelonephritis
-dysuria and flank pain
Acute pyelonephritis - ANSWER-infection associated urinary obstruction or urine reflux
from bladder
-fever, chills, flank pain, groin pain, dysuria
Chronic pyelonephritis - ANSWER-persistent or recurrent infection resulting in scarring
-HTN, dysuria, flank pain
Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-decreased ability of the kidneys to filter at the
glomerulus
-lupus-related, autoimmune, post-strep, bacterial endocarditis, HTN, DM, and Berger's
disease
-proteinuria and hematuria
Berger's Disease - ANSWERIgA Nephropathy
, Stress incontinence - ANSWER-incontinence with laughing, coughing, sneezing, lifting
-decreased pelvic floor muscle strength
Urge incontinence - ANSWER-reflex incontinence if it results from overactive nerves
controlling the bladder
-involuntary contraction of detrusor muscle, constant dripping, neurological disorders
Benign prostatic hyperplasia - ANSWERBPH
-enlargement of the prostate, increase in number of prostatic cells
-FHx, obesity w/ central fat distribution, increase in Alpha-reductase enzyme activity
-Hesitant/interrupted/weak stream, urgency or frequency, nocturia, leaking/dripping,
hematuria at late stage
Nocturia - ANSWERincreased urge to urinate at night
Wilm's tumor - ANSWERmixed tumor of the kidney in children
-caused by chromosome 11 mutation or unknown
-asymptomatic upper abdominal mass, HTN d/t tumor secreting Renin
Ischemic stroke - ANSWERthrombus or embolus
Hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWERdissected aneurysm, subarachnoid hemorrhage,
arterivenous malformations
Transient Ischemic Attack - ANSWERTIA
<5 minutes, "mini-stroke"
increases risk of stroke
Stroke - ANSWERdecreased blood flow to the brain
-difficulty walking, talking, seeing, or remembering
-HA, paresthesia, paralysis, hemiplegia, hemiparalysis
Diplopia - ANSWERdouble-vision
Hemiplegia - ANSWERweakness on one side
Hemiparalysis - ANSWERParalysis on one side
Broca's Area - ANSWER-speech production
-responsible for MOTOR
-control of the anatomic
-structure for speech
-tongue, lips and jaws
Wernicke's Area - ANSWER-understanding of written and spoken language
