ADC TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
✔✔Although homeless individuals are more likely to receive detoxification services than
people not homeless, what percentage will receive full treatment for their alcohol or
substance abuse problems?
a. 15 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 35 percent
d. 45 percent - ✔✔B: 25 percent. In other words, 75 percent will not receive proper
treatment. Although the homeless receive detox services more than three times as often
as people who are not homeless (45 percent vs. 14 percent), this is likely due to
unexpected hospitalizations, psychiatric facility transitioning, and vagrancy and drug
possession arrests that result in an involuntary detox and loose medical supervision. Of
the approximately six hundred thousand homeless at any given time, about 41 percent
are white, 40 percent are African-American, 11 percent are Hispanic, and 8 percent are
Native American—disproportionate minority representation. The homeless may be: (1)
transient—temporarily with others and at high risk of suddenly being on the street; (2)
recently displaced—due to eviction or other financial problems (potentially due to
substance abuse; or (3) chronically homeless—often with severe substance use and
mental disorders, they are difficult to draw into treatment and are in need of creative
outreach and programming initiatives.
✔✔Homeless individuals are particularly susceptible to substance abuse due to the
stress and hopelessness of their current situation. What are the three most common
substances of abuse among this population?
a. Alcohol, crack cocaine, and marijuana
b. Alcohol, opioids, and marijuana
c. Alcohol, opioids, and crack cocaine
d. Alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants - ✔✔C: Alcohol, opioids, and crack cocaine.
Alcohol is the primary substance of abuse for 50 percent of the homeless admitted to
treatment, with 18 percent abusing opioids (pain meds, heroin, etc.) and 17 percent
abusing crack cocaine. Nearly one-quarter of the homeless (23 percent) have co-
occurring disorders, while 20 percent of those not homeless also suffer with a co-
occurring disorder. Recommendations for retaining homeless clients in treatment
include: (1) meet their survival needs (food, clothing, warmth, and safe shelter) in
addition to treatment and extensive continuing care; (2) optimally, early intensive
treatment (clients attending 4.1 days per week have better outcomes than those
attending fewer days); and (3) case management, which is needed to: (1) arrange safe
and drug-free housing (which powerfully influences recovery, especially if housing is
contingent on abstinence), (2) coordinate psychiatric and medical care, and (3) locate
vocational training or education to help individuals become self-sufficient. The Alcohol
Severity Index, the Alcohol Dependence Scale, and the personal history form have all
been deemed valid and reliable screening tools for this population, especially when
interviewed in a protected setting, with factual questions based on a recent time period.
,✔✔What is the case management model that seeks to identify clients' needs and assist
clients in obtaining access various identified resources known as?
a. Brokerage or Generalist Model
b. Program of Assertive Community Treatment Model
c. Strengths-Based Perspective
d. Clinical or Rehabilitation Model - ✔✔A: Brokerage or Generalist Model. This
approach endeavors to evaluate and determine clients' needs in order to help them
access specific resources. Client contacts are minimal, and planning is brief, as the goal
is prompt and accurate referral without establishing an intensive, long-term relationship.
Consequently, there is little to no monitoring or proactive advocacy. Because of this, the
Brokerage or Generalist model is not always ideal, yet the limited relationship allows for
cost-effective rendering of services to a greater numbers of clients. This approach
works best when treatment and social services are well integrated, thus limiting the
need for advocacy and monitoring. The optimal client is not economically deprived, has
otherwise adequate resources, and is not in late-stage addiction. Smaller agencies that
offer narrowly defined services may benefit most from this model. In some situations,
case managers may also serve as educators, offering sessions on substance abuse
and related high-risk behaviors.
✔✔Which is the ONLY case management model that specifically addresses making
contact with clients in their homes and other natural settings?
a. Clinical or Rehabilitation Model
b. Strengths-Based Perspective
c. Program of Assertive Community Treatment Model
d. Brokerage or Generalist Model - ✔✔C: Program of Assertive Community Treatment
Model. Developed as a mental health treatment model, key elements of PACT include:
(1) meeting clients in homes and other natural settings; (2) addressing practical daily
problems; (3) advocating assertively; (4) limiting caseloads to ensure effectiveness; (5)
regular client-case manager contacts; (6) caseloads shared by a team; and (7) long-
term client services. First adapted for use with chronic alcoholics, the model deviated
from a typical approach in two ways: (1) case managers used an enforced contact
strategy to meet clients at home and in the field, and (2) the focus was on alleviating
suffering rather than requiring a pledge of total abstinence. An adaptation of PACT, the
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) model is used to provide direct counseling and
the skills needed to succeed in a community setting. Case managers provide crisis
intervention, family consultation, and group facilitation—teaching about human
immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), work skills,
and relapse prevention. As opposed to PACT, the ACT model is time limited, and
extended abstinence and treatment completion is expected. ACT can be implemented
alone or in concert with a therapeutic community.
✔✔What is the case management approach that focuses on helping clients assert direct
and personal control in the search for resources?
a. Program of Assertive Community Treatment Model
b. Clinical or Rehabilitation model
c. Brokerage or Generalist Model
, d. Strengths-Based Perspective - ✔✔D: Strengths-Based Perspective. This approach
was developed to assist those with persistent mental illness to transition from
institutional care to independent living. Two foundational principles are: (1) assisting
clients in assuming direct control over their own search for resources (e.g.,
transportation, housing, employment, etc.), and (2) drawing upon clients' strengths in
the acquisition of resources. This model focuses on informal helping networks (rather
than institutional networks), supported through the client-case manager relationship. To
achieve goals, the case manager maintains an active client outreach. The strengths
case management perspective is used with substance abusers for three reasons: (1)
case management facilitates client responsibility in finding and accessing resources
needed for an enduring recovery; (2) the advocacy component counters the belief that
substance abusers are morally deficient or in denial and thus unworthy of support; and
(3) the emphasis on client strengths, assets, and abilities counterbalances treatment
models that emphasize pathology and disease. Advocacy and client-driven goal
planning can at times cause stress between the case manager and other members of a
treatment team, but the approach clearly leads to improved client outcomes.
✔✔What is the case management model that integrates therapeutic and resource
acquisition activities known as?
a. Strengths-Based Perspective
b. Clinical or Rehabilitation Model
c. Brokerage or Generalist model
d. Program of Assertive Community Treatment Model - ✔✔B: Clinical or Rehabilitation
Model. The case management clinical or rehabilitation approaches integrate clinical
therapy and resource activities together. Both needs are met by the case manager
rather than separate providers. Researchers have posited that it is not feasible or
functional to divide these two activities for an extended time. To this end, the Clinical or
Rehabilitation model merges these two activities by training case managers to see
beyond solely environmental issues to other client-focused needs. To this end, the case
manager is positioned to provide psychotherapeutic services, offer family therapy, and
teach essential skills in a variety of areas, including relapse prevention, and so on.
Beyond the usual repertoire of case management functions (assessment, planning,
linkage, monitoring, and advocacy [per the Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations] or assessing, arranging, coordinating, monitoring, evaluating,
and advocacy [per the National Association of Social Workers]), the case manager
should also address issues of transference, countertransference, client internalizations
of observations, theories of ego functioning, and so on. In this way the client's needs
can be met in a more holistic and integrated fashion, which should lead to enhanced
outcomes.
✔✔Among the numerous principles that are essential to effective case management,
how is the principle of advocacy BEST described?
a. Taking the client's side in situations of conflict
b. Ensuring the client understands institutional rules
c. Helping an institution to meet a client's desires
GRADED A+
✔✔Although homeless individuals are more likely to receive detoxification services than
people not homeless, what percentage will receive full treatment for their alcohol or
substance abuse problems?
a. 15 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 35 percent
d. 45 percent - ✔✔B: 25 percent. In other words, 75 percent will not receive proper
treatment. Although the homeless receive detox services more than three times as often
as people who are not homeless (45 percent vs. 14 percent), this is likely due to
unexpected hospitalizations, psychiatric facility transitioning, and vagrancy and drug
possession arrests that result in an involuntary detox and loose medical supervision. Of
the approximately six hundred thousand homeless at any given time, about 41 percent
are white, 40 percent are African-American, 11 percent are Hispanic, and 8 percent are
Native American—disproportionate minority representation. The homeless may be: (1)
transient—temporarily with others and at high risk of suddenly being on the street; (2)
recently displaced—due to eviction or other financial problems (potentially due to
substance abuse; or (3) chronically homeless—often with severe substance use and
mental disorders, they are difficult to draw into treatment and are in need of creative
outreach and programming initiatives.
✔✔Homeless individuals are particularly susceptible to substance abuse due to the
stress and hopelessness of their current situation. What are the three most common
substances of abuse among this population?
a. Alcohol, crack cocaine, and marijuana
b. Alcohol, opioids, and marijuana
c. Alcohol, opioids, and crack cocaine
d. Alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants - ✔✔C: Alcohol, opioids, and crack cocaine.
Alcohol is the primary substance of abuse for 50 percent of the homeless admitted to
treatment, with 18 percent abusing opioids (pain meds, heroin, etc.) and 17 percent
abusing crack cocaine. Nearly one-quarter of the homeless (23 percent) have co-
occurring disorders, while 20 percent of those not homeless also suffer with a co-
occurring disorder. Recommendations for retaining homeless clients in treatment
include: (1) meet their survival needs (food, clothing, warmth, and safe shelter) in
addition to treatment and extensive continuing care; (2) optimally, early intensive
treatment (clients attending 4.1 days per week have better outcomes than those
attending fewer days); and (3) case management, which is needed to: (1) arrange safe
and drug-free housing (which powerfully influences recovery, especially if housing is
contingent on abstinence), (2) coordinate psychiatric and medical care, and (3) locate
vocational training or education to help individuals become self-sufficient. The Alcohol
Severity Index, the Alcohol Dependence Scale, and the personal history form have all
been deemed valid and reliable screening tools for this population, especially when
interviewed in a protected setting, with factual questions based on a recent time period.
,✔✔What is the case management model that seeks to identify clients' needs and assist
clients in obtaining access various identified resources known as?
a. Brokerage or Generalist Model
b. Program of Assertive Community Treatment Model
c. Strengths-Based Perspective
d. Clinical or Rehabilitation Model - ✔✔A: Brokerage or Generalist Model. This
approach endeavors to evaluate and determine clients' needs in order to help them
access specific resources. Client contacts are minimal, and planning is brief, as the goal
is prompt and accurate referral without establishing an intensive, long-term relationship.
Consequently, there is little to no monitoring or proactive advocacy. Because of this, the
Brokerage or Generalist model is not always ideal, yet the limited relationship allows for
cost-effective rendering of services to a greater numbers of clients. This approach
works best when treatment and social services are well integrated, thus limiting the
need for advocacy and monitoring. The optimal client is not economically deprived, has
otherwise adequate resources, and is not in late-stage addiction. Smaller agencies that
offer narrowly defined services may benefit most from this model. In some situations,
case managers may also serve as educators, offering sessions on substance abuse
and related high-risk behaviors.
✔✔Which is the ONLY case management model that specifically addresses making
contact with clients in their homes and other natural settings?
a. Clinical or Rehabilitation Model
b. Strengths-Based Perspective
c. Program of Assertive Community Treatment Model
d. Brokerage or Generalist Model - ✔✔C: Program of Assertive Community Treatment
Model. Developed as a mental health treatment model, key elements of PACT include:
(1) meeting clients in homes and other natural settings; (2) addressing practical daily
problems; (3) advocating assertively; (4) limiting caseloads to ensure effectiveness; (5)
regular client-case manager contacts; (6) caseloads shared by a team; and (7) long-
term client services. First adapted for use with chronic alcoholics, the model deviated
from a typical approach in two ways: (1) case managers used an enforced contact
strategy to meet clients at home and in the field, and (2) the focus was on alleviating
suffering rather than requiring a pledge of total abstinence. An adaptation of PACT, the
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) model is used to provide direct counseling and
the skills needed to succeed in a community setting. Case managers provide crisis
intervention, family consultation, and group facilitation—teaching about human
immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), work skills,
and relapse prevention. As opposed to PACT, the ACT model is time limited, and
extended abstinence and treatment completion is expected. ACT can be implemented
alone or in concert with a therapeutic community.
✔✔What is the case management approach that focuses on helping clients assert direct
and personal control in the search for resources?
a. Program of Assertive Community Treatment Model
b. Clinical or Rehabilitation model
c. Brokerage or Generalist Model
, d. Strengths-Based Perspective - ✔✔D: Strengths-Based Perspective. This approach
was developed to assist those with persistent mental illness to transition from
institutional care to independent living. Two foundational principles are: (1) assisting
clients in assuming direct control over their own search for resources (e.g.,
transportation, housing, employment, etc.), and (2) drawing upon clients' strengths in
the acquisition of resources. This model focuses on informal helping networks (rather
than institutional networks), supported through the client-case manager relationship. To
achieve goals, the case manager maintains an active client outreach. The strengths
case management perspective is used with substance abusers for three reasons: (1)
case management facilitates client responsibility in finding and accessing resources
needed for an enduring recovery; (2) the advocacy component counters the belief that
substance abusers are morally deficient or in denial and thus unworthy of support; and
(3) the emphasis on client strengths, assets, and abilities counterbalances treatment
models that emphasize pathology and disease. Advocacy and client-driven goal
planning can at times cause stress between the case manager and other members of a
treatment team, but the approach clearly leads to improved client outcomes.
✔✔What is the case management model that integrates therapeutic and resource
acquisition activities known as?
a. Strengths-Based Perspective
b. Clinical or Rehabilitation Model
c. Brokerage or Generalist model
d. Program of Assertive Community Treatment Model - ✔✔B: Clinical or Rehabilitation
Model. The case management clinical or rehabilitation approaches integrate clinical
therapy and resource activities together. Both needs are met by the case manager
rather than separate providers. Researchers have posited that it is not feasible or
functional to divide these two activities for an extended time. To this end, the Clinical or
Rehabilitation model merges these two activities by training case managers to see
beyond solely environmental issues to other client-focused needs. To this end, the case
manager is positioned to provide psychotherapeutic services, offer family therapy, and
teach essential skills in a variety of areas, including relapse prevention, and so on.
Beyond the usual repertoire of case management functions (assessment, planning,
linkage, monitoring, and advocacy [per the Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations] or assessing, arranging, coordinating, monitoring, evaluating,
and advocacy [per the National Association of Social Workers]), the case manager
should also address issues of transference, countertransference, client internalizations
of observations, theories of ego functioning, and so on. In this way the client's needs
can be met in a more holistic and integrated fashion, which should lead to enhanced
outcomes.
✔✔Among the numerous principles that are essential to effective case management,
how is the principle of advocacy BEST described?
a. Taking the client's side in situations of conflict
b. Ensuring the client understands institutional rules
c. Helping an institution to meet a client's desires
