With reference to a multi-hazardous environment that you have studied, assess the
view that the underlying cause(s) leading to the hazards is human activity rather than
physical factors. (20)
PLAN:
Indonesia:
Physical factors: its sitting on many numbers of tectonic plate boundaries along pacific ring
of fire – therefore vulnerable to earthquakes and volcanic activity
Climate = high temp and high rainfall makes it vulnerable to flooding and wildfires
Human activities are an underlying cause leading to severe hazards – deggs model of human
and physical factors and directly due to human cause in case of wildfires and floods.
PARA 1:
Physical factors =
Burning of wildfires across the peatland forests in 2015 – burning of 2.6 million hectares of
rainforest and peatland therefore resulting in emissions of 600 million tonnes of greenhouse
gases
Resulted in 100,000 premature deaths, 500,000 respiratory illness and injuries – leading to
long term impacts e.g. cognitive defects from brain damage in children and in-utero
embryos.
Physical factors e.g. high temp, extensive fuel vegetation, low wind speeds, amounts lower
than the average rainfall per year.
Rainforest used to consider as having 97% high fire resistance – now due to extensive
interference – deforestation and peatland degradation and draining to 1-1.5 meters to
utilise the areas for palm oil plantations, and that figure is reduced to 3%
High temp and low rainfall – el NINO weather because of climate change but it wasn’t it was
caused by burning fossil fuels and agriculture practices that release extensive carbon into
the atmosphere.
Many wildfires occurred due to slash and burn technique to clear land for plantations, and
these small fires got out of control
Despite physical factors without human activities the wildfires were unlikely to occur.
PARA 2:
2007,2020 – Jakarta the capital city has experienced extensive flooding of most of coastal
areas killing in these years over 100 people
Link high rainfall which can reach 2000-4000 mm per year (physical) 2 main human factors
that are primary causes behind the hazard – sea level risen by 29cm since 1990 – city itself is
sinking and so there is inadequate structure for supply of clean drinking water only ¼ having
good.
So by using boreholes to extract their own water lead to subsidence of the city by 11 inches
each year in some areas – so this leads to more and more flooding with some areas already
permentley destroyed
Para 3: physical
view that the underlying cause(s) leading to the hazards is human activity rather than
physical factors. (20)
PLAN:
Indonesia:
Physical factors: its sitting on many numbers of tectonic plate boundaries along pacific ring
of fire – therefore vulnerable to earthquakes and volcanic activity
Climate = high temp and high rainfall makes it vulnerable to flooding and wildfires
Human activities are an underlying cause leading to severe hazards – deggs model of human
and physical factors and directly due to human cause in case of wildfires and floods.
PARA 1:
Physical factors =
Burning of wildfires across the peatland forests in 2015 – burning of 2.6 million hectares of
rainforest and peatland therefore resulting in emissions of 600 million tonnes of greenhouse
gases
Resulted in 100,000 premature deaths, 500,000 respiratory illness and injuries – leading to
long term impacts e.g. cognitive defects from brain damage in children and in-utero
embryos.
Physical factors e.g. high temp, extensive fuel vegetation, low wind speeds, amounts lower
than the average rainfall per year.
Rainforest used to consider as having 97% high fire resistance – now due to extensive
interference – deforestation and peatland degradation and draining to 1-1.5 meters to
utilise the areas for palm oil plantations, and that figure is reduced to 3%
High temp and low rainfall – el NINO weather because of climate change but it wasn’t it was
caused by burning fossil fuels and agriculture practices that release extensive carbon into
the atmosphere.
Many wildfires occurred due to slash and burn technique to clear land for plantations, and
these small fires got out of control
Despite physical factors without human activities the wildfires were unlikely to occur.
PARA 2:
2007,2020 – Jakarta the capital city has experienced extensive flooding of most of coastal
areas killing in these years over 100 people
Link high rainfall which can reach 2000-4000 mm per year (physical) 2 main human factors
that are primary causes behind the hazard – sea level risen by 29cm since 1990 – city itself is
sinking and so there is inadequate structure for supply of clean drinking water only ¼ having
good.
So by using boreholes to extract their own water lead to subsidence of the city by 11 inches
each year in some areas – so this leads to more and more flooding with some areas already
permentley destroyed
Para 3: physical
