OCI FOUNDATIONS EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the Cloud service models? - ANS IaaS, Paas, & SaaS
What are delivered as a service in IaaS? - ANS -Virtualization
-Servers
-Storage
-Networking
What is delivered as a service in PaaS? - ANS Runtime
Middleware
Operating System
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
What is delivered as a service in SaaS? - ANS App
Data
Runtime
Middleware
Operating System
1|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
High Availability - ANS -Computing environments configured to provide nearly full-time
availability are known as high availability systems
-Such systems typically have redundant hardware and software that makes the system available
despite failures
-Well-designed high availability systems avoid having single points-of-failure
How does High Availability Work? - ANS When failures occur, the failover process moves
processing performance by the failed component to the back up component. The more
transparent that failover to users, the higher the availability of the system
Example of HA - ANS Load Balancer
Disaster Recovery - ANS -Involves a set of policies, tools, and procedures to enable the
recovery or continuation of vital technology infrastructure systems
-Should indicate the key metrics of Recovery Point Objective (RPO) & Recovery Time Objective
(RTO)
RPO - ANS amount of data you could use, can be in time as well - can lose 8 hours worth of
data (ex. losing 8 hours worth of data)
RTO - ANS how long can you be down/accommodate for
Fault Tolerance - ANS Describes how a cloud vendor will ensure minimal downtime for
services provided
2|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, -Oracle manages standby copy for load balancers
Horizontal scaling - ANS -Scaling out/in
-Enables large scale deployment of VMs from a single gold image with automatic config
□ Scale in or out
□ Add more instances
□ Get HA - if one VM fails then others will keep working
□ Match traffic demand by adding or removing VMs automatically
-No extra cost
Vertical Scaling - ANS -Scaling up/down
-1-24 OCPUs
-Downtime is required. Instance must be stopped before resizing it
-Change size of instance
CAPEX - ANS Capital expenditure or expense - money an organization spends to buy,
maintain, or improve its fixed assets, such as building, vehicles, equipment, land, etc.
OPEX - ANS Operational expenditure - an ongoing cost for running a product, business, or
system
Cloud lets you trade capex for opex - instead of investing in data centers/infrastructure, you can
pay only when you consume resources & for how much you consume
What is a region? - ANS Localized geographic area, comprised of one or more availability
domains
-Oracle will have 36 regions worldwide by the end of 2020
3|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the Cloud service models? - ANS IaaS, Paas, & SaaS
What are delivered as a service in IaaS? - ANS -Virtualization
-Servers
-Storage
-Networking
What is delivered as a service in PaaS? - ANS Runtime
Middleware
Operating System
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
What is delivered as a service in SaaS? - ANS App
Data
Runtime
Middleware
Operating System
1|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
High Availability - ANS -Computing environments configured to provide nearly full-time
availability are known as high availability systems
-Such systems typically have redundant hardware and software that makes the system available
despite failures
-Well-designed high availability systems avoid having single points-of-failure
How does High Availability Work? - ANS When failures occur, the failover process moves
processing performance by the failed component to the back up component. The more
transparent that failover to users, the higher the availability of the system
Example of HA - ANS Load Balancer
Disaster Recovery - ANS -Involves a set of policies, tools, and procedures to enable the
recovery or continuation of vital technology infrastructure systems
-Should indicate the key metrics of Recovery Point Objective (RPO) & Recovery Time Objective
(RTO)
RPO - ANS amount of data you could use, can be in time as well - can lose 8 hours worth of
data (ex. losing 8 hours worth of data)
RTO - ANS how long can you be down/accommodate for
Fault Tolerance - ANS Describes how a cloud vendor will ensure minimal downtime for
services provided
2|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, -Oracle manages standby copy for load balancers
Horizontal scaling - ANS -Scaling out/in
-Enables large scale deployment of VMs from a single gold image with automatic config
□ Scale in or out
□ Add more instances
□ Get HA - if one VM fails then others will keep working
□ Match traffic demand by adding or removing VMs automatically
-No extra cost
Vertical Scaling - ANS -Scaling up/down
-1-24 OCPUs
-Downtime is required. Instance must be stopped before resizing it
-Change size of instance
CAPEX - ANS Capital expenditure or expense - money an organization spends to buy,
maintain, or improve its fixed assets, such as building, vehicles, equipment, land, etc.
OPEX - ANS Operational expenditure - an ongoing cost for running a product, business, or
system
Cloud lets you trade capex for opex - instead of investing in data centers/infrastructure, you can
pay only when you consume resources & for how much you consume
What is a region? - ANS Localized geographic area, comprised of one or more availability
domains
-Oracle will have 36 regions worldwide by the end of 2020
3|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
