Final Review - Module 6, Portage Biod 101 Module 6

FINAL REVIEW - MODULE 6, PORTAGE BIOD 101 MODULE 6 Discuss the difference in how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells store their genetic material. - Correct Answers-Eukaryotic cells store their DNA in a membrane bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells store their DNA in a nucleoid region which is not membrane-bound. List TWO similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. - Correct Answers-Both cells have a plasma membrane that acts as a semi-permeable barrier, contain cytosol to suspend intracellular components, contain chromosomes with DNA, and contain ribosomes to manufacture proteins necessary for life. Describe the role of the cell wall in a bacterial cell. - Correct Answers-The cell wall is responsible for the shape of a cell, and it provides protection against environmental stressors. List THREE accessory structures that facilitate movement and attachment in bacteria. - Correct Answers-The capsule, fimbriae, and flagella Compare and contrast Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria regarding the amount of peptidoglycan present in their cell walls. - Correct Answers-Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, and Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan. Describe the Gram-stain process. - Correct Answers-The Gram-stain technique is a relatively simple process. First, a sample of the bacteria in question is stained with a crystal violet dye and iodine. Next, the sample is rinsed with alcohol to remove the unbound dyes. Finally, the sample is stained a second time with a red dye. The properties of the cell wall will determine how the dyes change the color of the cell, and determination of the type of bacteria can be made when the stained cells are viewed under a microscope. List and describe the most common bacterial shapes. - Correct Answers-Cocci are bacteria that have a spherical shape. Bacilli are bacteria that have a rod shape.