D333 Study Guide #2 2025 COMPLETE WGU D333
Ethics in Technology Study Material.
/. Normative statement - Answer-a sentence about what should happen or what is right
or wrong, not just what actually happens
/.Descriptive statement - Answer-a sentence that explains what is happening or how
things are, without saying if it's right or wrong
/.Ethical framework - Answer-a guide or system used to help people decide what's right
and wrong in tricky situations
/.Corporate Social Responsibility - Answer-when a business chooses to act in a good,
fair, and responsible way toward people and the planet
/.Three basic problems in ethics - Answer-figuring out what's right, dealing with people
who disagree, and making hard moral choices
/.Ethics vs. Self-interest misconception - Answer-the false idea that doing the right thing
always hurts you—it can actually help in the long run
/.Moral imagination - Answer-the skill to picture how choices impact others and to come
up with fair, creative solutions
/.Role of professional societies - Answer-they create rules and support good behavior in
jobs like tech, medicine, and law
/.Hippocratic Oath example - Answer-a medical promise to help, not harm—used as a
model for ethics rules in other careers
/.Habitus - Answer-the way a person naturally thinks, acts, and sees the world based on
their background, habits, and social life
/.Practical wisdom - Answer-the skill to make good choices in real situations by
balancing rules, emotions, and experience
/.Heuristics of fear - Answer-a way to avoid bad outcomes by imagining worst-case
scenarios and preparing for them in ethical decisions
/.Virtue ethics - Answer-focuses on becoming a good person by building character traits
like honesty, courage, and fairness
/.Deontology - Answer-focuses on following rules or duties to decide what's right, no
matter the outcome
,/.Utilitarianism - Answer-focuses on doing whatever causes the most good for the most
people, even if some get hurt in the process
/.Communitarianism - Answer-focuses on doing what's good for the whole community,
not just individuals or small groups
/.Virtue ethics vs. other frameworks - Answer-instead of focusing only on rules or
outcomes, virtue ethics asks what kind of person you should be
/.Finding the mean in virtue ethics - Answer-the idea that virtue is the middle path
between too much and too little of a trait, like courage vs. recklessness
/.Principle of utility - Answer-actions are right if they bring more happiness than harm,
but it's hard to measure results for everyone equally
/.Communitarianism and individuals - Answer-it says people are shaped by their
community, and ethics should reflect shared values, not just personal rights
/.Invisibility factor in computing - Answer-tech is hidden in everyday life, making it hard
to see how it works or when it's used unfairly
/.Three invisibility issues in tech - Answer-1) hidden abuse, 2) hidden decisions in code,
3) systems too complex for most to question or understand
/.Preference utilitarianism - Answer-focuses on doing what satisfies people's wants, not
just what brings pleasure or avoids pain
/.Criticisms of old frameworks - Answer-traditional ethics often ignored power, emotions,
or real-world struggles, leading to responsibility ethics
/.Feminist ethics - Answer-a way of thinking about ethics that values care, relationships,
and emotional work, not just logic or rules
/.Capability Approach - Answer-looks at whether people have real opportunities to live a
good life and make free choices, not just rights on paper
/.Emotional labor - Answer-managing feelings to do a job well, like staying calm with
angry customers; it's often invisible but important work
/.Benefits of studying many frameworks - Answer-learning different ways to think about
ethics helps us make better, more flexible and fair choices
/.Profession - Answer-a job that requires special training, follows high standards, and
puts responsibility to others before personal gain
, /.Conflict of interest - Answer-when someone's personal interest could unfairly influence
their professional judgment or actions
/.Licensing - Answer-official permission from a government or board to do a job after
proving you meet required standards
/.Certification - Answer-proof that someone has the skills and knowledge for a job,
usually given after passing a test or training
/.Core traits of a profession - Answer-specialized knowledge, ethical responsibility,
continued learning, and a commitment to serve society
/.Purposes of codes of ethics - Answer-to guide behavior, set shared values, and build
public trust in the profession
/.Utilitarian approaches to ethics - Answer-look at results: choose actions that bring the
most good or least harm for the most people
/.Respect for persons approaches - Answer-recognize everyone's rights and dignity, not
just what helps the most people
/.ACM Code and privacy - Answer-protects privacy by requiring IT workers to handle
data responsibly and respect users' confidentiality
/.Preventive vs. aspirational ethics - Answer-preventive ethics avoid harm; aspirational
ethics aim to do the most good and inspire high standards
/.How societies interact with laws - Answer-1. Help shape new laws through research
and policy, 2. Give ethical support when laws are unclear
/.IEEE Code and discrimination - Answer-requires fair treatment of all people regardless
of race, gender, background, or beliefs
/.Moral imagination in ethics - Answer-the ability to picture how your choices affect
others and imagine better, fairer solutions
/.SECEPP - Answer-a shared code of ethics for software engineers that promotes
honesty, safety, and respect for users
/.Professional development in codes - Answer-encourage workers to keep learning, stay
current, and improve their skills and ethical awareness
/.Policy vacuums - Answer-ethical gaps that happen when new technology outpaces
laws and rules, leaving questions unanswered
Ethics in Technology Study Material.
/. Normative statement - Answer-a sentence about what should happen or what is right
or wrong, not just what actually happens
/.Descriptive statement - Answer-a sentence that explains what is happening or how
things are, without saying if it's right or wrong
/.Ethical framework - Answer-a guide or system used to help people decide what's right
and wrong in tricky situations
/.Corporate Social Responsibility - Answer-when a business chooses to act in a good,
fair, and responsible way toward people and the planet
/.Three basic problems in ethics - Answer-figuring out what's right, dealing with people
who disagree, and making hard moral choices
/.Ethics vs. Self-interest misconception - Answer-the false idea that doing the right thing
always hurts you—it can actually help in the long run
/.Moral imagination - Answer-the skill to picture how choices impact others and to come
up with fair, creative solutions
/.Role of professional societies - Answer-they create rules and support good behavior in
jobs like tech, medicine, and law
/.Hippocratic Oath example - Answer-a medical promise to help, not harm—used as a
model for ethics rules in other careers
/.Habitus - Answer-the way a person naturally thinks, acts, and sees the world based on
their background, habits, and social life
/.Practical wisdom - Answer-the skill to make good choices in real situations by
balancing rules, emotions, and experience
/.Heuristics of fear - Answer-a way to avoid bad outcomes by imagining worst-case
scenarios and preparing for them in ethical decisions
/.Virtue ethics - Answer-focuses on becoming a good person by building character traits
like honesty, courage, and fairness
/.Deontology - Answer-focuses on following rules or duties to decide what's right, no
matter the outcome
,/.Utilitarianism - Answer-focuses on doing whatever causes the most good for the most
people, even if some get hurt in the process
/.Communitarianism - Answer-focuses on doing what's good for the whole community,
not just individuals or small groups
/.Virtue ethics vs. other frameworks - Answer-instead of focusing only on rules or
outcomes, virtue ethics asks what kind of person you should be
/.Finding the mean in virtue ethics - Answer-the idea that virtue is the middle path
between too much and too little of a trait, like courage vs. recklessness
/.Principle of utility - Answer-actions are right if they bring more happiness than harm,
but it's hard to measure results for everyone equally
/.Communitarianism and individuals - Answer-it says people are shaped by their
community, and ethics should reflect shared values, not just personal rights
/.Invisibility factor in computing - Answer-tech is hidden in everyday life, making it hard
to see how it works or when it's used unfairly
/.Three invisibility issues in tech - Answer-1) hidden abuse, 2) hidden decisions in code,
3) systems too complex for most to question or understand
/.Preference utilitarianism - Answer-focuses on doing what satisfies people's wants, not
just what brings pleasure or avoids pain
/.Criticisms of old frameworks - Answer-traditional ethics often ignored power, emotions,
or real-world struggles, leading to responsibility ethics
/.Feminist ethics - Answer-a way of thinking about ethics that values care, relationships,
and emotional work, not just logic or rules
/.Capability Approach - Answer-looks at whether people have real opportunities to live a
good life and make free choices, not just rights on paper
/.Emotional labor - Answer-managing feelings to do a job well, like staying calm with
angry customers; it's often invisible but important work
/.Benefits of studying many frameworks - Answer-learning different ways to think about
ethics helps us make better, more flexible and fair choices
/.Profession - Answer-a job that requires special training, follows high standards, and
puts responsibility to others before personal gain
, /.Conflict of interest - Answer-when someone's personal interest could unfairly influence
their professional judgment or actions
/.Licensing - Answer-official permission from a government or board to do a job after
proving you meet required standards
/.Certification - Answer-proof that someone has the skills and knowledge for a job,
usually given after passing a test or training
/.Core traits of a profession - Answer-specialized knowledge, ethical responsibility,
continued learning, and a commitment to serve society
/.Purposes of codes of ethics - Answer-to guide behavior, set shared values, and build
public trust in the profession
/.Utilitarian approaches to ethics - Answer-look at results: choose actions that bring the
most good or least harm for the most people
/.Respect for persons approaches - Answer-recognize everyone's rights and dignity, not
just what helps the most people
/.ACM Code and privacy - Answer-protects privacy by requiring IT workers to handle
data responsibly and respect users' confidentiality
/.Preventive vs. aspirational ethics - Answer-preventive ethics avoid harm; aspirational
ethics aim to do the most good and inspire high standards
/.How societies interact with laws - Answer-1. Help shape new laws through research
and policy, 2. Give ethical support when laws are unclear
/.IEEE Code and discrimination - Answer-requires fair treatment of all people regardless
of race, gender, background, or beliefs
/.Moral imagination in ethics - Answer-the ability to picture how your choices affect
others and imagine better, fairer solutions
/.SECEPP - Answer-a shared code of ethics for software engineers that promotes
honesty, safety, and respect for users
/.Professional development in codes - Answer-encourage workers to keep learning, stay
current, and improve their skills and ethical awareness
/.Policy vacuums - Answer-ethical gaps that happen when new technology outpaces
laws and rules, leaving questions unanswered
