Examen Engels 2
1. Work and motivation
Theory X and theory Y (Douglas McGregor)
Theory X:
- Pessimistic view of workers
- People dislike work and avoid responsibility
- Workers need strict supervision and control
- Motivation comes from threats or rewards
- …
Theory Y:
- Optimistic view of workers
- People enjoy work and are self-motivated
- People seek responsibility and personal growth
- Motivation comes for job satisfaction and meaningful work
- …
Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Satisfiers and motivators (Frederick Herzberg)
= good working conditions are not enough to motivate employees
Working conditions, salary, job security, … = hygiene factors
= not motivators, but satisfiers
True motivators:
- An interesting and challenging job
- Recognition and responsibility
- Opportunities and promotion
Solutions for boring jobs:
- Giving team responsibilities
, - Job rotation: switching between tasks
- Creating a strong corporate identity and shares values
Without intrinsic motivation, employees will not perform well
2. charts and graphs
There is a whole range of typical expressions to describe trends in graphs:
- End
- Steady
- Majority
- Fluctuation
- Sharp
- Peak
- Constant
- …
Synonyms:
Proportion -> percentage
Regarding -> with regard to
Stable -> constant
Steady -> gradual
Sharp -> rapid, significant
…
Numbers and amounts
8.6% → Just under / Nearly 50%
32% → Nearly a third
3% → A tiny fraction
26% → Roughly a quarter
71% → A large proportion / A significant majority
2,535,030 → About / Around two and a half million
Tenses
This graph shows … (not: This graph is showing …)
This model indicates …
This table represents …
The figures in this table show …
3. Economy and society
1. A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something is
called an:
→ Incentive
2. A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and
sold, such as copper or coffee is called:
→ Commodity
3. To counteract (something) by having an equal and opposite force or
effect is called:
→ Offset
1. Work and motivation
Theory X and theory Y (Douglas McGregor)
Theory X:
- Pessimistic view of workers
- People dislike work and avoid responsibility
- Workers need strict supervision and control
- Motivation comes from threats or rewards
- …
Theory Y:
- Optimistic view of workers
- People enjoy work and are self-motivated
- People seek responsibility and personal growth
- Motivation comes for job satisfaction and meaningful work
- …
Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Satisfiers and motivators (Frederick Herzberg)
= good working conditions are not enough to motivate employees
Working conditions, salary, job security, … = hygiene factors
= not motivators, but satisfiers
True motivators:
- An interesting and challenging job
- Recognition and responsibility
- Opportunities and promotion
Solutions for boring jobs:
- Giving team responsibilities
, - Job rotation: switching between tasks
- Creating a strong corporate identity and shares values
Without intrinsic motivation, employees will not perform well
2. charts and graphs
There is a whole range of typical expressions to describe trends in graphs:
- End
- Steady
- Majority
- Fluctuation
- Sharp
- Peak
- Constant
- …
Synonyms:
Proportion -> percentage
Regarding -> with regard to
Stable -> constant
Steady -> gradual
Sharp -> rapid, significant
…
Numbers and amounts
8.6% → Just under / Nearly 50%
32% → Nearly a third
3% → A tiny fraction
26% → Roughly a quarter
71% → A large proportion / A significant majority
2,535,030 → About / Around two and a half million
Tenses
This graph shows … (not: This graph is showing …)
This model indicates …
This table represents …
The figures in this table show …
3. Economy and society
1. A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something is
called an:
→ Incentive
2. A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and
sold, such as copper or coffee is called:
→ Commodity
3. To counteract (something) by having an equal and opposite force or
effect is called:
→ Offset
