GCU 631 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1.Where hdo hwe hhold hthe hDNA hinside hof ha hcell?: hThe hnucleus
2.What his hcell hsuicide?: hapoptosis
3.What hare hsome hthings hwe hsee hclinically hin ha hpatient hpresenting hwith
hcarbon hmonoxide hpoisoning?: h-Normal hSpO2
-Tissue hdamage
4.What hdo hwe hhave: hABG hw/ hpH h7.25, hbicarb h28, hCO2 his h60?: hRespiratory
hacidosis
5.How hdo hwe hget hmolecules hto hbetween hintracellular h& hextra hcellular?:
hHydro- hstatic hpressure
(If hit's hwater: hosmotic hpressure)
6.If hpatient hhas hlarge hvolume hof hvomiting, hwhat hwould hwe hsee?:
hMetabolic hAlkalosis
7.Why hdoes hmetabolic halkalosis hdevelop hfrom hvomiting?: hLosing hacid,
hretaining hBicarb
1 h/
h18
,8.What hdo hwe hlook hfor hon han hamnio hto hsee hneural htube hdefects?:
hAlpha-fetal hprotein
9.Clinical hcharacteristics hof hTrisomy h21: hWide
heyes hWide hneck
Short hstature
hLow hIQ
Low hnasal
hbridge hLow hset
hears hCardiac
hdefects
10.How hcould ha hnewborn hhave htype h1 hdiabetes: hAutoimmune/ hCannot hbe
hprevent- hed
11.We hhave ha hcertain hgene hthat htakes hcare hof hmaintenance hof hother hcells
h-
Housekeeping hgenes
12.Patient hcomes hin hwith hchronic hwounds hthat haren't hhealing. hWhat
hare hyou hthinking?: h-Diabetes
-Something helse his hgoing hon hwith hthose hpatient/other hcomorbidities
13.If ha hnewborn hdoesn't hhave henough hcollectin-like hprotein hwhat hkind hof
hinfec- htion hmight hthey hdevelop?: h-Pneumonia
-Anything hRESPIRATORY hrelated
14.Where hdo hB hlymphocytes hgrow hup hand hdevelop: hBone hmarrow
15.I hgo hover hto ha hfriend's hhouse hto hget hchickenpox. hWhat htype hof
himmunity his hthat?: hActive hacquired himmunity/Body hwill hmake
hantibodies
16.What his hhappening hat ha hcellular hlevel hwith ha htype htwo hsensitivity
hreaction?-
: h-Antibodies hare hattaching hto hthe hcellular hsurface hof hthe hantigen.
-release hof hhistamines hand hIgE
2 h/
h18
, 17.What hdoes hRhogram hdo?: h-Stops hhemolytic hanemia
-Give hto hRh h- hmoms hwith ha hRh h+ hbaby
18.If hwe hhave ha hpatient hthat hwent hunder hsome horgan htransplant, hwhy
hwould hwe hhave htissue hdamage?: hStart hto hsee hTH1 hcells hrelease htoo
hmany hcytokines hso hwe hwill hsee hthe hcytotoxic heffects. hCytokines hwill
hactually hattack hthe hendothelial hcells.
19.What his han hexotoxin?: hWhen hbacteria his hgrowing hthey hrelease
hexotoxins.
20.What hdo hwe hhave hthat hhelps hus hfight hfungal hinfections?: h-Phagocytes
-T-Lymphocytes
21.Why, hif hI'm hreally hstressed, ham hI hmore hlikely hto hget hsick?: hStress
hreleases hcortisol, hcortisol hincreases, hhelper hT hcells hare
hsuppressed.
22.Stressed hpatient h(long hperiod hof htime), hwhat hcan hwe hsee hdevelop
hwith hlab hresults?: h-Hypoglycemia
-Cortisol hincrease hcauses hhyperglycemia hinitially, hbut hwith hchronic
hstress hcortisol hlevels hbecome hdepleted hcausing hhypoglycemia.
h(Adrenal hinsufficiency)
23.What hhappens hwhen hwe hhave hcellular hmetabolism hthat hjust hisn't
hworking hright? hWhat hwill hdevelop?: hBuild hup hof hwaste
24.What his hthe hleast hlikely hIL hto hcause hendothelial hcells hto hgo hinto hthat
hproin- hflammatory hstate?: hIL4
25.If hyou hhad ha hpatient hthat hdeveloped hMODS, hwhat hsubstances
hstimulate hthe hnormal hendothelial hcells hto hgo hinto ha hproinflammatory
hstate?: hInterleukins htumor hnecrosis hfactor
IL-6
26.How hdehydrated hdoes ha hchild hhave hto hbe hbefore hwe hsee hthem
hhave hlow hBP: h10%
27.Why ha hpatient hcan hdevelop ha hreperfusion hinjury.: hOnce hwe've hhad
hoxygen hcut hoff hfor ha hwhile hwe hcan hactually hsee hdamage hhappen
hfrom hthat hreexposure hto hoxygen
28.Why hdo hburn hpatients hgo hinto hkidney hfailure?: hDamaged hmuscles
hproduce hMyoglobin
Myoglobin his hhuge hand hhard hfor hkidneys hto hfilter hout. hNot hmeant hto
hfilter hit.
29.What htype hof hcancer hdo hwe hrecommend hexercise hto hdecrease
hprevalence?-
: hColon hCA
30.In hchildren, hexposure hto hwhat hvirus hdevelops ha hcarcinogenic
3 h/
h18
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1.Where hdo hwe hhold hthe hDNA hinside hof ha hcell?: hThe hnucleus
2.What his hcell hsuicide?: hapoptosis
3.What hare hsome hthings hwe hsee hclinically hin ha hpatient hpresenting hwith
hcarbon hmonoxide hpoisoning?: h-Normal hSpO2
-Tissue hdamage
4.What hdo hwe hhave: hABG hw/ hpH h7.25, hbicarb h28, hCO2 his h60?: hRespiratory
hacidosis
5.How hdo hwe hget hmolecules hto hbetween hintracellular h& hextra hcellular?:
hHydro- hstatic hpressure
(If hit's hwater: hosmotic hpressure)
6.If hpatient hhas hlarge hvolume hof hvomiting, hwhat hwould hwe hsee?:
hMetabolic hAlkalosis
7.Why hdoes hmetabolic halkalosis hdevelop hfrom hvomiting?: hLosing hacid,
hretaining hBicarb
1 h/
h18
,8.What hdo hwe hlook hfor hon han hamnio hto hsee hneural htube hdefects?:
hAlpha-fetal hprotein
9.Clinical hcharacteristics hof hTrisomy h21: hWide
heyes hWide hneck
Short hstature
hLow hIQ
Low hnasal
hbridge hLow hset
hears hCardiac
hdefects
10.How hcould ha hnewborn hhave htype h1 hdiabetes: hAutoimmune/ hCannot hbe
hprevent- hed
11.We hhave ha hcertain hgene hthat htakes hcare hof hmaintenance hof hother hcells
h-
Housekeeping hgenes
12.Patient hcomes hin hwith hchronic hwounds hthat haren't hhealing. hWhat
hare hyou hthinking?: h-Diabetes
-Something helse his hgoing hon hwith hthose hpatient/other hcomorbidities
13.If ha hnewborn hdoesn't hhave henough hcollectin-like hprotein hwhat hkind hof
hinfec- htion hmight hthey hdevelop?: h-Pneumonia
-Anything hRESPIRATORY hrelated
14.Where hdo hB hlymphocytes hgrow hup hand hdevelop: hBone hmarrow
15.I hgo hover hto ha hfriend's hhouse hto hget hchickenpox. hWhat htype hof
himmunity his hthat?: hActive hacquired himmunity/Body hwill hmake
hantibodies
16.What his hhappening hat ha hcellular hlevel hwith ha htype htwo hsensitivity
hreaction?-
: h-Antibodies hare hattaching hto hthe hcellular hsurface hof hthe hantigen.
-release hof hhistamines hand hIgE
2 h/
h18
, 17.What hdoes hRhogram hdo?: h-Stops hhemolytic hanemia
-Give hto hRh h- hmoms hwith ha hRh h+ hbaby
18.If hwe hhave ha hpatient hthat hwent hunder hsome horgan htransplant, hwhy
hwould hwe hhave htissue hdamage?: hStart hto hsee hTH1 hcells hrelease htoo
hmany hcytokines hso hwe hwill hsee hthe hcytotoxic heffects. hCytokines hwill
hactually hattack hthe hendothelial hcells.
19.What his han hexotoxin?: hWhen hbacteria his hgrowing hthey hrelease
hexotoxins.
20.What hdo hwe hhave hthat hhelps hus hfight hfungal hinfections?: h-Phagocytes
-T-Lymphocytes
21.Why, hif hI'm hreally hstressed, ham hI hmore hlikely hto hget hsick?: hStress
hreleases hcortisol, hcortisol hincreases, hhelper hT hcells hare
hsuppressed.
22.Stressed hpatient h(long hperiod hof htime), hwhat hcan hwe hsee hdevelop
hwith hlab hresults?: h-Hypoglycemia
-Cortisol hincrease hcauses hhyperglycemia hinitially, hbut hwith hchronic
hstress hcortisol hlevels hbecome hdepleted hcausing hhypoglycemia.
h(Adrenal hinsufficiency)
23.What hhappens hwhen hwe hhave hcellular hmetabolism hthat hjust hisn't
hworking hright? hWhat hwill hdevelop?: hBuild hup hof hwaste
24.What his hthe hleast hlikely hIL hto hcause hendothelial hcells hto hgo hinto hthat
hproin- hflammatory hstate?: hIL4
25.If hyou hhad ha hpatient hthat hdeveloped hMODS, hwhat hsubstances
hstimulate hthe hnormal hendothelial hcells hto hgo hinto ha hproinflammatory
hstate?: hInterleukins htumor hnecrosis hfactor
IL-6
26.How hdehydrated hdoes ha hchild hhave hto hbe hbefore hwe hsee hthem
hhave hlow hBP: h10%
27.Why ha hpatient hcan hdevelop ha hreperfusion hinjury.: hOnce hwe've hhad
hoxygen hcut hoff hfor ha hwhile hwe hcan hactually hsee hdamage hhappen
hfrom hthat hreexposure hto hoxygen
28.Why hdo hburn hpatients hgo hinto hkidney hfailure?: hDamaged hmuscles
hproduce hMyoglobin
Myoglobin his hhuge hand hhard hfor hkidneys hto hfilter hout. hNot hmeant hto
hfilter hit.
29.What htype hof hcancer hdo hwe hrecommend hexercise hto hdecrease
hprevalence?-
: hColon hCA
30.In hchildren, hexposure hto hwhat hvirus hdevelops ha hcarcinogenic
3 h/
h18
