,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Table of Contents
oi oi
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
oi oi oi
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
oi oi oi
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 13. Airway Management
oi oi oi
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
oi oi
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 27. Asthma
oi oi
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
oi oi oi
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 30. Shock
oi oi
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
oi oi oi
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
oi oi oi
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
oi oi oi oi
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
oi oi oi oi
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
MULTIPLE CHOICE oi
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
of a capillary network around airway passages?
oi oi oi oi oi oi
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D oi
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular cha
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
nnels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pass
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of g
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
estation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develo
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ps, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes pla
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ce from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later bec
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ome alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi o
is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
i oi oi oi oi oi oi
REF: pp. 3-5 oi o i
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
be present in the lungs for life develop?
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
a. 6 months oi
b. 1 year oi
c. 1.5 years oi
d. 2 years oi
ANS: C oi
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years o
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
f age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveol
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
i continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
REF: p. 6 oi oi
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A oi
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnorma
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
lly low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop durin
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
g the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., premature
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ly), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways,
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives ris
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
e to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
REF: oioi p. 6 oi
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? oi oi oi
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism oi oi
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall oi oi oi oi oi
III. Interference with fetal breathing oi oi oi
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid oi oi oi oi oi
a. I and III only oi oi oi
b. II and III only oi oi oi
c. I, II, and IV only oi oi oi oi
d. II, III, and IV only oi oi oi oi
ANS: D oi
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by whic
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
h amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduc
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ed quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference wit
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
h fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental obser
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
vations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimu
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
lant.
REF: pp. 6-7 oi oi
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
oi oi oi oi oi oi
b. To reduce surface tension oi oi oi
c. To maintain lung elasticity oi oi oi
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Table of Contents
oi oi
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
oi oi oi
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
oi oi oi
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 13. Airway Management
oi oi oi
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
oi oi
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
oi oi oi oi
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 27. Asthma
oi oi
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
oi oi oi
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 30. Shock
oi oi
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
oi oi oi
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
oi oi oi
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
oi oi oi oi
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
oi oi oi oi
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
MULTIPLE CHOICE oi
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
of a capillary network around airway passages?
oi oi oi oi oi oi
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D oi
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular cha
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
nnels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pass
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of g
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
estation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develo
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ps, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes pla
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ce from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later bec
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ome alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi o
is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
i oi oi oi oi oi oi
REF: pp. 3-5 oi o i
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
be present in the lungs for life develop?
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
a. 6 months oi
b. 1 year oi
c. 1.5 years oi
d. 2 years oi
ANS: C oi
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years o
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
f age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveol
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
i continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
REF: p. 6 oi oi
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A oi
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnorma
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
lly low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop durin
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
g the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., premature
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ly), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways,
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives ris
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
e to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
REF: oioi p. 6 oi
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? oi oi oi
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism oi oi
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall oi oi oi oi oi
III. Interference with fetal breathing oi oi oi
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid oi oi oi oi oi
a. I and III only oi oi oi
b. II and III only oi oi oi
c. I, II, and IV only oi oi oi oi
d. II, III, and IV only oi oi oi oi
ANS: D oi
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by whic
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
h amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduc
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
ed quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference wit
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
h fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental obser
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
vations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimu
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
lant.
REF: pp. 6-7 oi oi
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
oi oi oi oi oi oi
b. To reduce surface tension oi oi oi
c. To maintain lung elasticity oi oi oi
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
oi oi oi oi oi oi oi
