PHGY 230 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which is not a function of the respiratory system? - Answers :sound reception
Which region(s) of the pharynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
- Answers :Nasopharynx
Mucin _______ the viscosity of mucus, facilitating the ______ of dust and dirt particles. -
Answers :increases; trapping
The nose contains a single septal cartilage. How many alar cartilages are in the nose? -
Answers :four
An air passage (valley) beneath a turbinate within the nasal cavity is referred to as a -
Answers :meatus
What structures are used by both the respiratory and digestive systems? - Answers
:Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Into what region of the pharynx do auditory tubes open? - Answers :Nasopharynx
What structure is also known as the "voice box"? - Answers :Larynx
Activation of sympathetic nerves that innervate lung tissue results in - Answers
:bronchodilation
The main function of serous fluid is to - Answers :lubricate and reduce friction between
pleural membranes around the lung.
The lungs remain inflated because - Answers :intrapleural pressure is less than
intrapulmonary pressure
Which answer places the following events in proper order for pulmonary ventilation? -
Answers :b, a, d, c
These muscles increase thoracic cavity dimensions by elevating the first and second
ribs during forced inhalation. - Answers :scalenes
Contraction of these muscles depresses the ribs, but only during forced exhalation. -
Answers :Internal intercostals
Air flows out of the body during expiration because - Answers :intrapulmonary pressure
is greater than atmospheric pressure.
What is the name of the column of neurons within the medulla that initiates neural
impulses for inspiration and expiration? - Answers :Ventral respiratory group
,Also known as the pneumotaxic center, this area allows for smooth transitions between
inspiration and expiration. - Answers :Pontine respiratory center
The carotid bodies contain _________ chemoreceptors that respond to changes in
________________. - Answers :peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2
Breathing muscles such as the diaphragm are controlled by neurons of the _________
nervous system. - Answers :somatic
Suppose that following an automobile accident, a broken rib penetrates into the pleural
cavity, causing air to accumulate in the space between the visceral and parietal pleura.
This condition is known as a - Answers :Pneumothorax
Pulmonary fibrosis - Answers :decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and
decreasing airflow.
Two individuals of the same size (same dead space) have a pulmonary ventilation rate
of 6 L/min, but one is breathing 10 breaths/min and the other is breathing 15
breaths/min. How do their alveolar ventilation rates compare? - Answers :The slower
breather has a greater alveolar ventilation rate.
A buildup of fluid in the lungs caused by pneumonia leads to an increase in the -
Answers :physiologic dead space
The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the - Answers
:functional residual capacity
What structure prevents food and drink from entering the trachea, conducts air, and
produces sound? - Answers :Larynx
The male voice tends to be in a lower range than a female's voice because men have -
Answers :longer and thicker vocal cords
What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi? - Answers :Trachea
Which statement is true regarding the location of the trachea? - Answers :It lies anterior
to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.
What type of tissue lines the trachea? - Answers :Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium
Which statement is true regarding secondary bronchi? - Answers :The left lung has two
secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi
, Alveoli abut each other, causing them to appear _________ in cross section - Answers
:polygonal
The alveolar cell that secretes pulmonary surfactant is the - Answers :alveolar type II
cell
Which is not part of the respiratory membrane? - Answers :Plasma membrane of Type II
cell
Each lung consists of a number of segments called - Answers :bronchopulmonary
segments
Which of the two lungs is larger and wider? - Answers :The right lung
Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is the greatest amount of air that can be -
Answers :inspired and then expelled in 1 minute
Compared to its partial pressure in the atmosphere, oxygen's partial pressure in the
alveoli is - Answers :lower
Because oxygen has a low solubility coefficient in water, - Answers :it is not easily
dissolved in water and requires a steep partial pressure gradient to enter the water.
Which statement accurately describes alveolar exchange of oxygen? - Answers
:Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher
partial pressure of oxygen.
An increase in the partial pressure of CO2 causes bronchioles to - Answers :dilate
As blood travels through a systemic capillary and exchanges gases with systemic cells,
- Answers :the partial pressure of oxygen in blood decreases as it goes from arterioles
to venules.
Hemoglobin is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood because oxygen has a _______
solubility coefficient in water. - Answers :low
About 23% of the carbon dioxide in the blood is attached to the _______ portion of
hemoglobin. - Answers :globin
About 70% of the CO2 that diffuses into systemic capillaries - Answers :combines with
water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
If someone at sea level is given pure oxygen to breathe, it would cause the oxygen
saturation of their hemoglobin - Answers :to increase by only a tiny amount.
Which is not a function of the respiratory system? - Answers :sound reception
Which region(s) of the pharynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
- Answers :Nasopharynx
Mucin _______ the viscosity of mucus, facilitating the ______ of dust and dirt particles. -
Answers :increases; trapping
The nose contains a single septal cartilage. How many alar cartilages are in the nose? -
Answers :four
An air passage (valley) beneath a turbinate within the nasal cavity is referred to as a -
Answers :meatus
What structures are used by both the respiratory and digestive systems? - Answers
:Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Into what region of the pharynx do auditory tubes open? - Answers :Nasopharynx
What structure is also known as the "voice box"? - Answers :Larynx
Activation of sympathetic nerves that innervate lung tissue results in - Answers
:bronchodilation
The main function of serous fluid is to - Answers :lubricate and reduce friction between
pleural membranes around the lung.
The lungs remain inflated because - Answers :intrapleural pressure is less than
intrapulmonary pressure
Which answer places the following events in proper order for pulmonary ventilation? -
Answers :b, a, d, c
These muscles increase thoracic cavity dimensions by elevating the first and second
ribs during forced inhalation. - Answers :scalenes
Contraction of these muscles depresses the ribs, but only during forced exhalation. -
Answers :Internal intercostals
Air flows out of the body during expiration because - Answers :intrapulmonary pressure
is greater than atmospheric pressure.
What is the name of the column of neurons within the medulla that initiates neural
impulses for inspiration and expiration? - Answers :Ventral respiratory group
,Also known as the pneumotaxic center, this area allows for smooth transitions between
inspiration and expiration. - Answers :Pontine respiratory center
The carotid bodies contain _________ chemoreceptors that respond to changes in
________________. - Answers :peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2
Breathing muscles such as the diaphragm are controlled by neurons of the _________
nervous system. - Answers :somatic
Suppose that following an automobile accident, a broken rib penetrates into the pleural
cavity, causing air to accumulate in the space between the visceral and parietal pleura.
This condition is known as a - Answers :Pneumothorax
Pulmonary fibrosis - Answers :decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and
decreasing airflow.
Two individuals of the same size (same dead space) have a pulmonary ventilation rate
of 6 L/min, but one is breathing 10 breaths/min and the other is breathing 15
breaths/min. How do their alveolar ventilation rates compare? - Answers :The slower
breather has a greater alveolar ventilation rate.
A buildup of fluid in the lungs caused by pneumonia leads to an increase in the -
Answers :physiologic dead space
The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the - Answers
:functional residual capacity
What structure prevents food and drink from entering the trachea, conducts air, and
produces sound? - Answers :Larynx
The male voice tends to be in a lower range than a female's voice because men have -
Answers :longer and thicker vocal cords
What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi? - Answers :Trachea
Which statement is true regarding the location of the trachea? - Answers :It lies anterior
to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.
What type of tissue lines the trachea? - Answers :Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium
Which statement is true regarding secondary bronchi? - Answers :The left lung has two
secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi
, Alveoli abut each other, causing them to appear _________ in cross section - Answers
:polygonal
The alveolar cell that secretes pulmonary surfactant is the - Answers :alveolar type II
cell
Which is not part of the respiratory membrane? - Answers :Plasma membrane of Type II
cell
Each lung consists of a number of segments called - Answers :bronchopulmonary
segments
Which of the two lungs is larger and wider? - Answers :The right lung
Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is the greatest amount of air that can be -
Answers :inspired and then expelled in 1 minute
Compared to its partial pressure in the atmosphere, oxygen's partial pressure in the
alveoli is - Answers :lower
Because oxygen has a low solubility coefficient in water, - Answers :it is not easily
dissolved in water and requires a steep partial pressure gradient to enter the water.
Which statement accurately describes alveolar exchange of oxygen? - Answers
:Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher
partial pressure of oxygen.
An increase in the partial pressure of CO2 causes bronchioles to - Answers :dilate
As blood travels through a systemic capillary and exchanges gases with systemic cells,
- Answers :the partial pressure of oxygen in blood decreases as it goes from arterioles
to venules.
Hemoglobin is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood because oxygen has a _______
solubility coefficient in water. - Answers :low
About 23% of the carbon dioxide in the blood is attached to the _______ portion of
hemoglobin. - Answers :globin
About 70% of the CO2 that diffuses into systemic capillaries - Answers :combines with
water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
If someone at sea level is given pure oxygen to breathe, it would cause the oxygen
saturation of their hemoglobin - Answers :to increase by only a tiny amount.
