NUR 445 Exam - Questions With Fully Explained
Solutions
The amount of blood pumped out by the heart each minute
Correct Answer - cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped out by each beat Correct Answer -
stroke volume
What is the average cardiac output Correct Answer - 4-8L/min
The volume of blood pumped out by the each each minute
dependent on the person's body surface area Correct Answer -
cardiac index CI = CO/BSA
What is the normal range for cardiac index Correct Answer -
2.4-4L/min/m2
What is the normal range for stroke volumes Correct Answer -
50 to 100mL/beat
The pressure or stretch exerted on the walls of the ventricle by the
volumes of blood filling the ventricle at the end of diastole Correct
Answer - preload
What is the normal range for Right atrial pressure (RAP) Correct
Answer - 2-6mmHg
The pressure in the center of the right atrium Correct Answer -
RAP = right atrial pressure
What is the normal range pf pulmonary artery wedge pressure
(PAWP)` Correct Answer - 4-12mmHg
,The pressure that the left atrium is putting on the lungs that is
picked up by a PA catheter Correct Answer - pulmonary artery
wedge pressure
Differentiate absolute from relative fluid volume deficit Correct
Answer - absolute: hemorrhage or dehydration
relative: 3rd spacing, vasodilation,
Pressure or resistance the ventricle has to overcome to open the
aortic or pulmonic valves to eject the blood into the systemic or
pulmonary circulation (how hard the heart has to work to get the
blood to where it needs to be) Correct Answer - after load
What is the normal range for afterlaod Correct Answer - 900-
1400dynes/sec/cm-5
The resistance to blood flow of the systemic vasculature (pulmonary
vascular resistance); left heart measure Correct Answer -
systemic vascular resistance
What is the normal range for pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
Correct Answer - 100-250 dynes/sec/cm-5
Property of myocardial muscle fibers that allows them to shorten
and contract "squeeze" Correct Answer - contractility
The percentage of blood ejected with each stroke (direct
relationship with contractility) Correct Answer - ejection
fraction
What is normal EF Correct Answer - 60%
What is normal PA systolic pressure Correct Answer - 20-30
, What is normal PA diastolic pressure Correct Answer - 8-15
The measure of the work it takes the RV to pump blood into the
lungs Correct Answer - PAS pressure
What are the three places a CVC can be placed Correct Answer -
internal jugular, femoral, subclavian
How would you treat second degree and third degree heart blocks
Correct Answer - atropine
dopamine
epinephrine
transcutaneous --> transvenous pacemaler
permanent pacemaker
What rhythms would you defribrialte for Correct Answer -
VFIB and pulseless VTACH
What rhythms would you cardiovert for Correct Answer -
unstable a-fib, a-flutter, unstable SVT, V-tach with a pulse
When a pacemaker competes with or does not recognize a patient's
own impulse generation so it fires during the wrong time (such as
during the T wave). potentially dangerous situation Correct
Answer - failure to sense
A situation where a pacemaker initiates an impulse but the heart
does not respond or the stimulus is not strong enough to produce
depolarization Correct Answer - failure to capture
Situation where a pacemaker fails to send out an electrical impulse
at the appointed time. Correct Answer - failure to fire
Solutions
The amount of blood pumped out by the heart each minute
Correct Answer - cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped out by each beat Correct Answer -
stroke volume
What is the average cardiac output Correct Answer - 4-8L/min
The volume of blood pumped out by the each each minute
dependent on the person's body surface area Correct Answer -
cardiac index CI = CO/BSA
What is the normal range for cardiac index Correct Answer -
2.4-4L/min/m2
What is the normal range for stroke volumes Correct Answer -
50 to 100mL/beat
The pressure or stretch exerted on the walls of the ventricle by the
volumes of blood filling the ventricle at the end of diastole Correct
Answer - preload
What is the normal range for Right atrial pressure (RAP) Correct
Answer - 2-6mmHg
The pressure in the center of the right atrium Correct Answer -
RAP = right atrial pressure
What is the normal range pf pulmonary artery wedge pressure
(PAWP)` Correct Answer - 4-12mmHg
,The pressure that the left atrium is putting on the lungs that is
picked up by a PA catheter Correct Answer - pulmonary artery
wedge pressure
Differentiate absolute from relative fluid volume deficit Correct
Answer - absolute: hemorrhage or dehydration
relative: 3rd spacing, vasodilation,
Pressure or resistance the ventricle has to overcome to open the
aortic or pulmonic valves to eject the blood into the systemic or
pulmonary circulation (how hard the heart has to work to get the
blood to where it needs to be) Correct Answer - after load
What is the normal range for afterlaod Correct Answer - 900-
1400dynes/sec/cm-5
The resistance to blood flow of the systemic vasculature (pulmonary
vascular resistance); left heart measure Correct Answer -
systemic vascular resistance
What is the normal range for pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
Correct Answer - 100-250 dynes/sec/cm-5
Property of myocardial muscle fibers that allows them to shorten
and contract "squeeze" Correct Answer - contractility
The percentage of blood ejected with each stroke (direct
relationship with contractility) Correct Answer - ejection
fraction
What is normal EF Correct Answer - 60%
What is normal PA systolic pressure Correct Answer - 20-30
, What is normal PA diastolic pressure Correct Answer - 8-15
The measure of the work it takes the RV to pump blood into the
lungs Correct Answer - PAS pressure
What are the three places a CVC can be placed Correct Answer -
internal jugular, femoral, subclavian
How would you treat second degree and third degree heart blocks
Correct Answer - atropine
dopamine
epinephrine
transcutaneous --> transvenous pacemaler
permanent pacemaker
What rhythms would you defribrialte for Correct Answer -
VFIB and pulseless VTACH
What rhythms would you cardiovert for Correct Answer -
unstable a-fib, a-flutter, unstable SVT, V-tach with a pulse
When a pacemaker competes with or does not recognize a patient's
own impulse generation so it fires during the wrong time (such as
during the T wave). potentially dangerous situation Correct
Answer - failure to sense
A situation where a pacemaker initiates an impulse but the heart
does not respond or the stimulus is not strong enough to produce
depolarization Correct Answer - failure to capture
Situation where a pacemaker fails to send out an electrical impulse
at the appointed time. Correct Answer - failure to fire
