NUR 172 Exam 1With Complete Questions And Correct Answers.

8.5-10 - correct answer What is the normal calcium level? 3.0-4.5 - correct answer What is the normal phosphorus level? 3.5-5.0 - correct answer What is the normal potassium level? 135-145 - correct answer What is the normal sodium level? 10-20 - correct answer What is the normal BUN level? 0.6-1.2 - correct answer What is the normal creatinine level? 5,000-10,000 - correct answer What is the normal WBC count? 1.001-1.035 - correct answer What is the normal urine specific gravity? 30 mL/hr - correct answer How much urine output should you have every hour? 7.35-7.45 - correct answer normal pH level? 22-26 - correct answer normal HCO3 level? 35-45 - correct answer normal PaCO2 level? 80-100 - correct answer normal PaO2 level? BP- less than 120/80 Pulse- 60-100 Resp- 12-20 O2-95-100 - correct answer Normal adult vital signs? a form of negligence in which any professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of professional skill, or nonadherence to the accepted standard of care causes injury to patient - correct answer What is malpractice? breach of duty without injury Not checking what needs to be done on time or when it was supposed to be done. (lazy) - correct answer What is negligence? Duty Breach of duty Injury (such as a vesicant) Causation- - breach of duty caused injury - correct answer What are malpractice's 4 standards? to do good (for our pt) - correct answer What is beneficence? to tell the truth - correct answer Veracity means? right to self determination- independence - correct answer Autonomy means? being fair to all people - correct answer Justice means? being faithful - correct answer Fidelity means? to do no harm - correct answer Nonmaleficence means? Fluid has no major shift, fluid stays in intracellular space, no major change in BP - correct answer Isotonic solution has? Isotonic solutions - correct answer This has the same osmolarity as normal body fluids? -N.S. = normal saline = 0.9% NaCl **Only solution to be used with Blood** -D5W= dextrose 5% and water- irritating to the veins- supplies energy for the body -D5-1/4 = Dextrose 5% and 0.225% NaCl. -D5/0.225%NaCl -L.R. = Lactated Ringer's. Surgery/Burns. (ALSO called Hartman solution) -Albumin 5% = blood product to replace protein. - correct answer Types of isotonic solutions? Fluid moves from intravascular to intracellular space (Vein to Cell) ** Helps the body absorb fluid, such as patients who are dehydrated. **Lowers Blood Pressure** - correct answer Hypotonic solution means? ½ N.S.= 0.45% Nacl ¼ N.S.=0.225% NaCl 1/3 N.S.=0.33% Nacl D2.5/W= dextrose 2.5% and water - correct answer Types of hypotonic solutions? If the patient has ICP - correct answer When should you not give hypotonic solutions? Fluid moves from intracellular to intravascular (Cell to Vein) Cells will shrink. ** Helps remove fluid from body, such as patients with edema. **Increases Blood Pressure** - correct answer Hypertonic solution means? -D5/NS= D5/0.9%NaCl = dextrose 5% and 0.9 Nacl -D5/LR dextrose with lactated ringers -D5/ ½ N.S. dextrose 5% with 0.45 N.S. -Albumin 25%- Monitor for FVO, Tachycardia, SOB, crackles, pulmonary edema -PRC (packed red blood cells) -TPN-Total Parenteral Solution - goes into a central line. Contains proteins, fats, electrolytes, dextrose, vitamins. -D10/W - correct answer Types of Hypertonic solutions? FVE - correct answer If you give a hypertonic solution the patient is at risk for? slow the drip, so you don't overload the patient - correct answer If a patient is ordered a hypertonic solution and has a hx of CHF or renal failure what should you do? 1000 ml - correct answer 1 kg of weight gained equals how much fluid? 500 ml - correct answer 1 lb of weight gained means how much fluid? Renal disease/failure Heart failure Excess fluid intake; oral or intravenous High corticosteroid levels caused by disease or therapy. Liver damage Increased ADH due to fear, pain, post op reaction and acute - correct answer FVE causes? Tachycardia Hypertension-Increased BP Bounding pulses Irritating cough Weight gain Weight gain of 1 kg (2.2 lb) = 1 L of body fluid JVD Crackles Fast respiratory rate or tachypnea Low pulse oximeter CHF Edema Imbalanced intake and output - correct answer FVE s/s? Fluid restriction Sodium restriction Diuretics Daily weights Oxygen if needed for dyspnea and low SPO2 Elevate head of bed Slow IV infusion to KVO rate or stop IV fluid Treat underlying cause - correct answer FVE treatments? (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a condition in which the body makes too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This hormone helps the kidneys control the amount of water your body loses through the urine. SIADH causes the body to retain too much water. - correct answer What is SIADH? Vomiting/diarrhea/burns Hemorrage Drainage from NG Tube - low intermittent suctioning(LIS) Drainage from fistulas and tubes Insensible loss- Diaphoresis, fever, tachypnea Dehydratioln Third space fluid shifts Diuretics NPO status Diabetes insipidus - correct answer FVD causes? Tenting (decreased skin turgor) Tachypnea-(fast breathing) Tachycardia- Increased HR Hypotension-Low BP Dry Mucous Membranes